Wheel and hub assemblies removable without tools

ABSTRACT

A hub assembly includes a housing, retaining element, biasing element, and hand-maneuverable release mechanism. The housing includes an axle sleeve including an axle bore configured to receive an axle and a pin sleeve including a first end in fluid communication with the axle bore, second end, and conduit between the first end and the second end. The retaining element is within the conduit and is configured to operatively engage a groove in an axle. The biasing element is within the conduit and is configured to bias the retaining element towards the axle bore. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism is configured to displace the retaining element away from the axle bore.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority benefit of U.S. ProvisionalPatent App. No. 61/596,112, filed on Feb. 7, 2012, and U.S. ProvisionalPatent App. No. 61/680,861, filed Aug. 8, 2012, each of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The present application generally relates to wheel assemblies and themanner of their mounting to and removal from an axle, and, moreparticularly, to wheel and hub assemblies used on refuse carts and thelike.

2. Description of Related Art

The use of plastic wheels on a variety of products has dramaticallyincreased in recent years. One area in which such plastic wheels havebeen widely employed is on wheeled refuse or garbage carts or bins ofthe type commonly employed by homeowners for their trash andrecyclables. These carts traditionally have plastic wheels that aremounted on the ends of a metal axle by a hub member or push-on hatfastener (sometimes referred to as a “pawl nut”). The wheel hub ishammered onto the end of the axle to hold the wheel in place. Removal ofsuch plastic wheels in order to replace or repair the wheel or the cartcan be difficult because the hammered push-on hat fasteners or hubsrequire special tools for their removal, or essentially must bedestroyed to remove them from the axle. Sometimes this process alsodamages the axles. Wheel-mounting sleeve assemblies have been devisedwhich snap-on to a pre-machined axle to hold the wheel to the axle.However, these snap-on wheel assemblies have been unduly complex,visually unappealing, and poorly suited to the shock loading andvibration commonly encountered.

SUMMARY

The design of some wheel and hub assemblies limits the method ofremoving the wheel assembly from the axle to prying the wheel off orremoving it with a tool via a tool passageway in the retainer housing ofthe hub assembly. The limits of wheel assembly removal can createdifficulties when a user seeks to remove the wheel for repair,maintenance, distribution, transportation for sale, and the like, anddoes not have a tool or does not have an appropriate tool for wheelassembly removal. Additionally, a tool passageway initially covered by amembrane may not be effective in thwarting unwanted removal by vandalsonce the membrane has been punctured. At least one aspect of the presentinvention is the realization of the advantages that may be gained from ahand-maneuverable release mechanism. A hand-maneuverable releasemechanism, or pressure release mechanism, or touch release mechanism, orfinger-maneuverable release mechanism, can present additional optionsfor wheel assembly removal. A hand-maneuverable release mechanism canallow a user to remove the wheel assembly from an axle without the useof a tool. A hand-maneuverable release mechanism can increase theefficiency of wheel assembly and/or removal. A hand-maneuverable releasemechanism can inhibit accidental removal or unwanted removal by vandalsdue to the ability of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism to be atleast partially hidden (e.g., by the body of a cart, camouflaged bywheel markings), or could be visually or otherwise identifiable. Certainhand-maneuverable release mechanisms may be pulled radially outward topull a retaining element radially outward, may be pushed radially inwardand leveraged to pull a retaining element radially outward, and/or maybe rotated to pull a retaining element radially outward. A conveyance,such as a refuse cart, may include a wheel assembly including ahand-maneuverable release mechanism. An axle assembly may include awheel assembly including a hand-maneuverable release mechanism, forexample to help ensure the number of wheel assemblies corresponds to thenumber of axles during shipment.

In some embodiments, a hub assembly comprises a housing, a retainingelement, a biasing element, and a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.The housing includes an axle sleeve and a pin sleeve. The axle sleeveincludes an axle bore configured to receive an axle. The pin sleeveincludes a first end, a second end, and a conduit between the first endand the second end. The first end is in fluid communication with theaxle bore. The retaining element is within the conduit. The retainingelement is configured to operatively engage a groove in an axle. Thebiasing element is within the conduit and is configured to bias theretaining element towards the axle bore. The hand-maneuverable releasemechanism is configured to displace the retaining element away from theaxle bore. The release mechanism includes a tab, a lifter connected tothe tab, and a connector coupled to the tab and coupled to the lifter.The tab is configured to be manipulated by a hand of a user. The lifteris configured to interact with the retaining element. Movement of thetab is configured to cause movement of the lifter.

In some embodiments, the hub assembly comprises a restraining elementconfigured to inhibit at least one of the retaining element and thebiasing element from exiting the second end of the pin sleeve. In someembodiments, the restraining element comprises a plug mechanicallycoupled to the second end of the pin sleeve. In some embodiments, theretaining element includes a lip configured to interact with the releasemechanism. In some embodiments, the lifter includes a fork includingprongs on two sides of the lip of the retaining element. In someembodiments, the release mechanism is configured to displace theretaining element upon manipulation of the tab away from the axle bore.In some embodiments, the release mechanism is configured to displace theretaining element upon manipulation of the tab towards the axle bore. Insome embodiments, the housing includes a bearing surface configured toincrease leverage between the release mechanism and the retainingelement. In some embodiments, the connector is substantially orthogonalto the tab and to the lifter. In some embodiments, the connector isconnected to at least one of the tab and the lifter at an obtuse angle.In some embodiments, the release mechanism is on a same side of the hubassembly as the axle bore. In some embodiments, the release mechanismfurther comprises a guide arm coupled to the tab. In some embodiments,the release mechanism comprises buttressing features. In someembodiments, the housing includes an end wall including plurality offalse release mechanisms. In some embodiments, the housing includes atool passageway on an opposite side of the hub assembly from the releasemechanism. In some embodiments, the housing includes a spacer configuredto space the hub assembly from a body of a conveyance. In someembodiments, the spacer comprises a guiderail. In some embodiments, awheel assembly comprises a wheel and the hub assembly inserted in thewheel. In some embodiments, an axle assembly comprises an axle, thewheel assembly coupled to the axle, and a second wheel assembly coupledto the axle. In some embodiments, a conveyance comprises the wheelassembly. In some embodiments, the conveyance comprises a refuse cart.

In some embodiments, a hub assembly comprises a retainer housing, aretaining element, a biasing element, and a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism. The retainer housing includes an axle sleeve a pin sleeve.The axle sleeve includes an axle bore configured to receive an axle. Thepin sleeve includes a first end, a second end, and a conduit between thefirst end and the second end. The first end in fluid communication withthe axle bore. The retaining element is within the conduit of the pinsleeve. The retaining element is configured to operatively engage agroove in an axle. The biasing element is within the conduit of the pinsleeve and is configured to bias the retaining element towards the axle.The hand-maneuverable release mechanism is configured to displace theretaining element away from the axle bore.

In some embodiments, the release mechanism is on a same side of the hubassembly as the axle bore. In some embodiments, the release mechanism ison an opposite side of the hub assembly from the axle bore. In someembodiments, the retainer housing includes an end wall including a stop.In some embodiments, the retainer housing includes a protrusionconfigured to interact with a groove in the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism. In some embodiments, the hub assembly further comprises acover coupled to the retainer housing. In some embodiments, the retainerhousing includes an end wall including plurality of false releasemechanisms. In some embodiments, the release mechanism includes a taband a lifter connected to the tab. The tab is configured to bemanipulated by a hand of a user. The lifter is configured to interactwith the retaining element. Movement of the tab is configured to causemovement of the lifter. In some embodiments, the release mechanismfurther comprises a connector coupled to the tab and coupled to thelifter. In some embodiments, the connector is substantially orthogonalto the tab and to the lifter. In some embodiments, the connector issubstantially non-orthogonal to the tab and to the lifter. In someembodiments, the connector is connected to at least one of the tab andthe lifter at an obtuse angle. In some embodiments, the releasemechanism further comprises a guide arm coupled to the tab. In someembodiments, the lifter is at least partially in an aperture in theretaining element. In some embodiments, the lifter includes an arcuatemember at least partially surrounding the retaining element. In someembodiments, the arcuate member totally surrounds the retaining element.In some embodiments, the lifter includes a fork including a prong on atleast one side of the retaining element. In some embodiments, the forkincludes prongs on two sides of the retaining element. In someembodiments, the tab includes a weakened portion. In some embodiments,the tab is configured to bend along the weakened portion. In someembodiments, the tab is configured to break along the weakened portion.In some embodiments, the lifter is substantially parallel to the axlebore. In some embodiments, the lifter is substantially orthogonal to theaxle bore. In some embodiments, the lifter at least partially covers aportion of the retaining element. In some embodiments, the retainingelement comprises a lip and the portion of the retaining elementcomprises the lip. In some embodiments, the lifter completely covers theretaining element. In some embodiments, the tab is substantiallyorthogonal to the retaining element. In some embodiments, the tab issubstantially non-orthogonal to the retaining element. In someembodiments, the release mechanism further comprises an arm coupled tothe tab. In some embodiments, the release mechanism further comprises aprojection coupled to the tab. In some embodiments, the projectionincludes a groove configured to interact with a projection extendingfrom the retainer housing. In some embodiments, the arm is on theopposite side of the retainer housing from the axle bore. the arm is onthe opposite side of the retainer housing from the axle bore. In someembodiments, the release mechanism is integrated with the retainingelement in a hand-maneuverable retaining element. In some embodiments,wherein the release mechanism includes a body, an arm extendingoutwardly from the body, a ramped portion extending downward from thebody, and a lifter extending inwardly from the body. In someembodiments, the retainer housing includes a lifting projectionconfigured to interact with the ramped portion. In some embodiments,upon movement of the arm, the ramped portion interacts with the liftingprojection to translate the movement of the arm into longitudinalmovement of the lifter away from the axle bore. In some embodiments, therelease mechanism is configured to displace the retaining element uponmanipulation of a tab away from the axle bore. In some embodiments, therelease mechanism is configured to displace the retaining element uponmanipulation of a tab towards the axle bore. In some embodiments, therelease mechanism comprises metal. In some embodiments, the releasemechanism comprises plastic. In some embodiments, the release mechanismcomprises buttressing features. In some embodiments, the retainerhousing includes a bearing surface configured to increase leveragebetween the release mechanism and the retaining element. In someembodiments, the retainer housing includes a tool passageway. In someembodiments, the retainer housing includes a tamper-evident membranecovering the tool passageway. In some embodiments, the tool passagewayis on an opposite side of the hub assembly from the release mechanism.In some embodiments, the retaining element includes a lip configured tointeract with the release mechanism. In some embodiments, the first endof the pin sleeve includes a shoulder extending into the conduit andwherein the lip is wider than the shoulder. In some embodiments, the hubassembly further comprises a restraining element configured to inhibitat least one of the retaining element and the biasing element fromexiting the second end of the pin sleeve. In some embodiments, therestraining element configured includes a tail configured to at leastpartially occlude a channel in the pin sleeve. In some embodiments, theretainer housing includes a spacer configured to space the hub assemblyfrom a cart body. In some embodiments, the spacer comprises a guiderail.In some embodiments, the axle sleeve comprises a guiderail.

In some embodiments, a hub assembly comprises a retaining element, ahand-maneuverable release mechanism, and a tool passageway. Theretaining element is configured to operatively engage a groove in anaxle. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism is configured to displacethe retaining element away from the groove in an axle. The toolpassageway is configured to permit tooled access to the retainingelement.

In some embodiments, a conveyance comprises the hub assembly. In someembodiments, a wheel assembly comprises a wheel and the hub assemblyinserted in the wheel. In some embodiments, the release mechanism is atleast partially obscured by the wheel. In some embodiments, the biasingelement abuts a portion of the wheel. In some embodiments, a conveyancecomprises the wheel assembly. In some embodiments, the release mechanismis modifiable to inhibit manipulation upon coupling to the conveyance.In some embodiments, an axle assembly comprises an axle, the wheelassembly coupled to the axle, and a second wheel assembly coupled to theaxle. The second wheel assembly comprises a wheel and a hub assemblyincluding a retainer housing, a retaining element, and a biasingelement. The retainer housing includes an axle sleeve and a pin sleeve.The axle sleeve includes an axle bore configured to receive an axle. Thepin sleeve including a first end, a second end, and a conduit betweenthe first end and the second end. The first end is in fluidcommunication with the axle bore. The retaining element is within theconduit of the pin sleeve. The retaining element is configured tooperatively engage a groove in an axle. The biasing element is withinthe conduit of the pin sleeve and is configured to bias the retainingelement towards the axle bore. In some embodiments, the retainer housingof the second wheel assembly includes a tool passageway. In someembodiments, a conveyance comprises the axle assembly. In someembodiments, the conveyance is a refuse cart.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a hub assembly comprisesproviding a retainer housing including an axle sleeve including an axlebore configured to receive an axle and a pin sleeve including a firstend, a second end, and a conduit between the first end and the secondend, the first end in fluid communication with the axle bore, the firstend including a shoulder extending into the conduit; at least partiallyinserting a hand-maneuverable release mechanism in the pin sleeve;positioning a retaining member in the pin sleeve, the retaining elementconfigured to secure a wheel on an axle by operatively engaging a groovein the axle; and positioning a biasing element in the pin sleeve, thebiasing element configured to bias the retaining member towards the axlebore.

In some embodiments, at least partially inserting the release mechanismin the pin sleeve comprises sliding a portion of the release mechanismalong a channel in the pin sleeve. In some embodiments, at leastpartially inserting the release mechanism in the pin sleeve comprisesinserting a portion of the release mechanism in channel in the pinsleeve and rotating the release mechanism. In some embodiments,positioning the retaining member in the pin sleeve is after at leastpartially inserting the release mechanism in the pin sleeve. In someembodiments, the method comprises forming the retainer housing. In someembodiments, the method comprises occluding the second end of the pinsleeve. In some embodiments, the method comprises coupling the hubassembly to a wheel to form a wheel assembly. In some embodiments, themethod comprises forming the wheel. In some embodiments, the methodcomprises coupling the wheel assembly to a conveyance. In someembodiments, the method comprises coupling the wheel assembly to anaxle. In some embodiments, the method comprises coupling a second wheelassembly to the axle. In some embodiments, the method comprises removingthe wheel assembly from the axle. In some embodiments, the methodcomprises re-coupling the wheel assembly to the axle.

In some embodiments, a method of removing a hub assembly from an axlecomprises manually manipulating a tab of a release mechanism to cause aretaining member to at least partially extend out of an axle bore of aretainer housing.

In some embodiments, manipulating the tab includes moving the tabradially outward. In some embodiments, manipulating the tab includesmoving the tab radially inward. In some embodiments, manipulating thetab includes rotating the tab. In some embodiments, rotating the tab isin a plane substantially orthogonal to the axle bore.

For purposes of summarizing the invention and the advantages achievedover the prior art, certain objects and advantages of the invention aredescribed herein. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarilyall such objects or advantages need to be achieved in accordance withany particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the artwill recognize that the invention may be embodied or carried out in amanner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantagesas taught or suggested herein without necessarily achieving otherobjects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

All of these embodiments are intended to be within the scope of theinvention herein disclosed. These and other embodiments will becomereadily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription having reference to the attached figures, the invention notbeing limited to any particular disclosed embodiment(s).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the presentdisclosure are described with reference to the drawings of certainembodiments, which are intended to illustrate certain embodiments andnot to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a refuse cart including a wheelassembly mounted thereto.

FIG. 2A is a top perspective view of a side of an example embodiment ofa wheel assembly.

FIG. 2B is a bottom perspective view of another side of the wheelassembly of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2C is a top perspective and cross-sectional view of the wheelassembly of FIG. 2A along the line 2C-2C of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2D is an elevational view of the side of FIG. 2B of the wheelassembly of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2E is a side perspective view of another example embodiment of awheel assembly.

FIG. 3A is a bottom perspective view of an example embodiment of a hubassembly.

FIG. 3B is a top perspective and partial cross-sectional view of anexample embodiment of the hub assembly of FIG. 3A along the line 3B-3Bof FIG. 3A and an axle.

FIG. 3C is a bottom perspective view of another example embodiment of ahub assembly.

FIG. 3D is a partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly of FIG. 3Aalong the line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A with a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism in a release position.

FIG. 3E is a partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly of FIG. 3Aalong the line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A with a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism in a release position.

FIG. 3F is a top perspective and partial cross-sectional view of anotherexample embodiment of a hub assembly.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of another example embodimentof a hub assembly.

FIG. 5A is a top perspective view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5B is a top perspective view of another example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of still another example embodiment ofa hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5D is a top perspective view of yet another example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5E is a top perspective view of yet still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5F is a top perspective view of a further another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5G is a top perspective and partial cross-sectional view of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism of FIG. 5F and a retaining element.

FIG. 5H is a top perspective view of a yet further example embodiment ofa hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5I is a top perspective view of a yet still further exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5J is a top perspective view of a yet further still exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 5K is a side cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable retaining element.

FIG. 5L is a side cross-sectional view of another example embodiment ofa hand-maneuverable retaining element.

FIG. 5M is a side cross-sectional view of still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable retaining element.

FIG. 5N is a side cross-sectional view of yet another example embodimentof a hand-maneuverable retaining element.

FIG. 5O is a side cross-sectional view of yet still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable retaining element.

FIG. 5P is a side cross-sectional view of a further example embodimentof a hand-maneuverable retaining element.

FIG. 6A is a partial cross-sectional view of an example embodiment anaxle assembly.

FIG. 6B is a partial cross-sectional view of the axle assembly of FIG.6A with a hand-maneuverable release mechanism in the release positionand a hub assembly disconnected from the axle.

FIG. 6C is a partial cross-sectional view of the axle assembly of FIG.6A reassembled.

FIG. 7A is a top perspective view of still another example embodiment ofa hub assembly.

FIG. 7B is a partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly of FIG. 7Aalong the line 7B-7B of FIG. 7A.

FIG. 8A is a partial top perspective view of yet another exampleembodiment of a hub assembly.

FIG. 8B is top perspective view of an example embodiment of arestraining element.

FIG. 9A is a top perspective view of a side of another exampleembodiment of a hub assembly.

FIG. 9B is a top perspective view of another side of the hub assembly ofFIG. 9A.

FIG. 9C is a top perspective view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 9D is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the hub assemblyof FIG. 9A along the line 9D-9D of FIG. 9B.

FIG. 9E is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the hub assemblyof FIG. 9A along the line 9D-9D of FIG. 9B with a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism in a release position.

FIG. 10A is a top perspective view of a side of yet another exampleembodiment of a hub assembly.

FIG. 10B is a top perspective view of another side of the hub assemblyof FIG. 10A.

FIG. 10C is a top perspective view of another example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 10D is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the hub assemblyof FIG. 10A along the line 10D-10D of FIG. 10B.

FIG. 10E is a side and partial cross sectional view of the hub assemblyof FIG. 10A along the line 10D-10D of FIG. 10B with a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism in a release position.

FIG. 11A is a top perspective view of a side of yet another exampleembodiment of a hub assembly.

FIG. 11B is a top perspective view of another side of the hub assemblyof FIG. 11A.

FIG. 11C is a bottom perspective view of a side of another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 11D is a top perspective view of another side of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism of FIG. 11C.

FIG. 11E is a bottom perspective view of an example embodiment of aretainer housing.

FIG. 11F is a bottom perspective view of another example embodiment of aretainer housing.

FIGS. 11Gi-11Giii are perspective views of an example embodiment of atleast a portion of a method of assembling a hub assembly.

FIG. 11H is a top perspective, partial cross-sectional, and partialcutaway view of the hub assembly of FIG. 11A along the line 11F-11F ofFIG. 11B.

FIG. 11I is a top perspective, partial cross-sectional, and partialcutaway view of the hub assembly of FIG. 11A along the line 11F-11F ofFIG. 11B with a hand-maneuverable release mechanism in a releaseposition.

FIG. 12A is a top perspective view of a side of yet still anotherexample embodiment of a hub assembly.

FIG. 12B is a top perspective view of another side of the hub assemblyof FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12C is a bottom perspective view of still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 12D is a top perspective view of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism of FIG. 12C.

FIG. 12E is a cross-sectional view of a pin and the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism of FIG. 12C along the line 12E-12E of FIG. 12D.

FIG. 12F is a side perspective and partial cross-sectional view of thehub assembly of FIG. 12A along the line 12F-12F of FIG. 12B.

FIG. 12G is a side perspective and partial cross-sectional view of thehub assembly of FIG. 12A along the line 12F-12F of FIG. 12B with ahand-maneuverable release mechanism in a release position.

FIG. 12H is a top perspective and partially exploded view of anotherexample embodiment of a hub assembly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although certain embodiments and examples are described below, those ofskill in the art will appreciate that the invention extends beyond thespecifically disclosed embodiments and/or uses and obvious modificationsand equivalents thereof. Thus, it is intended that the scope of theinvention herein disclosed should not be limited by any particularembodiments described below.

The wheel assemblies described herein can be used in connection withnumerous wheeled devices. FIG. 1 illustrates an example embodiment of arefuse cart 100 comprising a plurality of wheel assemblies 200 mountedon an axle 700 to the lower end of the cart body 102. A hinged lid 104optionally can be provided, and the cart 100 can be tilted or tippedabout the wheel assemblies 200 using handle 106 so as to enable rollingof the cart 100 for the transport of refuse, for example between alocation for filling the cart 100 and a location for pickup by a refusedisposal company. The lower end of the cart body 102 optionally includesa wheel well or recess area 108 configured to receive wheel assemblies200, for example to protect the wheel assemblies 200 and/or as acosmetic structure. As described in detail below, the wheel assemblies200 are secured on the axle 700 by a hub assembly 400. The wheelassemblies described herein are also suitable for use with other wheeledproducts such as wagons, wheeled food and beverage coolers, barbecues,wheeled toys, small refuse containers, golf carts, scooters, bicycles,luggage, toys, lawn and garden products, garage products, furniture,equipment, computers (e.g., servers), and the like.

FIG. 2A is a top perspective view of a side of an example embodiment ofa wheel assembly 200 (e.g., an “outer” side when the wheel assembly 200is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). FIG. 2B is a bottomperspective view of another side of the wheel assembly 200 of FIG. 2A(e.g., an “inner” side when the wheel assembly 200 is mounted to a cart100 via an axle 700).

When viewing a cart 100 comprising a wheel assembly 200, a user cangenerally see the entire outer side of the wheel assembly 200, but atleast a portion of the inner side of the wheel assembly 200 can be atleast partially obscured by the lower end of the cart body 102 (e.g., asdepicted in FIG. 1). The wheel assembly 200 comprises a wheel 202 and ahub assembly 400 coupled to (e.g., mounted in) the wheel 202.

The wheel 202 of the wheel assembly 200 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2Bis injection molded. In certain embodiments, injection molding the wheel202 includes coupling a male mold and a female mold and injecting moltenmaterial therebetween. After the material has sufficiently hardened, thewheel 202 is removed from the molds. In certain embodiments, tread 204and/or spokes 206 are integrally formed during the molding process. Thetread 204 can help the wheel 202 to frictionally engage a surface duringrolling movement (e.g., if coupled to an axle in a manner in which axlerotation causes rotation of the wheel assembly 200) and/or can enhancethe appearance of the wheel 202 (e.g., as a decorative feature). In someembodiments, the wheel 202 comprises a smooth tread. The spokes 206 canhelp evenly distribute forces acting on the wheel 202 and can enhancethe appearance of the wheel 202. Other features of the wheel 202 mayalso be integrally formed by modifying the mold. The injection moldingprocess can form corrugated and/or hollow interior surfaces 210 that canreduce the amount of material used in creation of the wheel 202. Certainrecesses 210 can provide strength by being certain shapes, for exampleas described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,481,498, issued on Jan. 27, 2009 for“Injection-Molded Wheel Having a Plurality of Recesses in a RimPortion,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Incertain embodiments, the wheel 202 comprises plastic (e.g., high densitypolyethylene (HDPE) (e.g., high molecular weight HDPE)).

In some embodiments, the wheel is blow molded. Further information aboutblow molded wheels can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.8,147,005, issued on Apr. 3, 2012 for “Wheel and Hub Assembly,” which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Rolling surfaces ofwheels, for example being smooth or including treads 204, may beintegrated into the molding process or may be formed in a multi-stepprocess known as multi-shot molding. Further information aboutmulti-shot molding can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No.8,037,911, issued on Oct. 18, 2011 for “Wheel Including Tread Coupled toRim,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

It will be appreciated that wheel assemblies 200 described herein maycomprise wheels manufactured using other processes (e.g., rotational orcompression molding) and/or having other features. For example, thewheel may comprise materials such as wood, metal, rubber, combinationsthereof, etc.

FIG. 2C is a top perspective and cross-sectional view of the wheelassembly 200 of FIG. 2A along the line 2C-2C of FIG. 2A. In the wheelassembly 200 embodied in FIG. 2C, a hub assembly 400 is inserted into asleeve bore 212 of the wheel 202. In some embodiments, a wheel mountingsleeve or axle sleeve 424 may be centered within the wheel 202 such thatan axle 700 inserted into the wheel mounting sleeve 424 (e.g., into ahub assembly 400 coupled to a wheel 202) can uniformly rotate. In someembodiments, the hub assembly 400 includes an axle bore 416 configuredto receive an axle 700 so that the wheel assembly 200 may be mounted ona cart 100, a retaining element 430 which extends into the axle bore 416configured to engage a groove 702 in the axle 700 so that the wheelassembly may be secured on the axle 700, and a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 for convenient removal of the wheel assembly 200 from theaxle 700. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 may be a pressurerelease mechanism, a touch release mechanism, and/or a finger (e.g.,digit, thumb) maneuverable release mechanism.

FIG. 2D is an elevational view of the side of FIG. 2B of the wheelassembly 200 of FIG. 2A. When the wheel assembly 200 is attached to acart 100, this “inner” side may be at least partially obscured from viewby a lower end 102 of the cart 100. In certain embodiments, the wheel202 may contain a cutout or protrusion to provide visual and/or tactileidentification of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 and provideaccess to the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450. The term “cutout”does not necessarily mean that material was removed, and can mean thatmaterial is omitted during the formation of the object. In someembodiments, the wheel assembly 400 may include a wheel mounting sleeve424 including a guiderail 434 corresponding to a cutout 234 in the wheel202. In some embodiments, the wheel assembly 400 may include a wheelmounting sleeve 424 including a recess corresponding to a projection inthe wheel 202. The guiderail 434 and cutout 234 or other types ofcorresponding features may enable automated or semi-automated assemblyof the hub assembly 400 to the wheel 202, for example by self-keyingalignment or registration of corresponding features.

FIG. 2E is a side perspective view of another example embodiment of awheel assembly 300 (e.g., an “inner” side when the wheel assembly ismounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). The wheel assembly 300 comprisesa wheel 202 and a hub assembly 500 coupled to (e.g., mounted in) thewheel 202. The hub assembly 500 comprises a spacer 548. The spacer 548is configured to space the wheel assembly 300 from the cart body 102 bya distance d. The distance d may be between about 0.25 inches and about3 inches (approx. between about 0.6 cm and about 7.6 cm), between about0.5 inches and about 3 inches (approx. between about 1.2 cm and about7.6 cm), between about 1 inch and about 3 inches (approx. between about2.5 cm and about 7.6 cm), combinations thereof, and the like. Otherdistances d are also possible (e.g., greater than about 3 inches(greater than approx. about 7.6 cm), less than about 0.25 inches (lessthan approx. about 0.6 cm)). The spacer 548 restricts the longitudinalmovement of the wheel assembly 300 once mounted to the cart 100 by theaxle 700, inhibiting or preventing the wheel assembly 300 other than thespacer 548 from coming into contact with the cart 100. By inhibiting orpreventing contact between the wheel assembly 300 other than the spacer548 and the cart 100, the spacer 548 can reduce friction that couldresult from such contact. Friction between the wheel 202 of the wheelassembly 300 and the cart 100 could cause damage to the wheel 202 and/orthe cart 100, and/or could impede rotation of the wheel assembly 300and/or movement of the cart 100.

A spacer separate from a wheel assembly is also possible. For example,prior to mounting the wheel assembly 200 to an axle 700, a separatespacer (e.g., a length of pipe (e.g., comprising HDPE,polyvinylchloride, metal, wood, etc.)) may be positioned over the axle700. The inner side of the wheel mounting sleeve 424 would abut theouter end of the spacer, and the inner end of the spacer would abut thecart 100, which can inhibit or prevent contact between the wheelassembly 200 and the cart 100. In some embodiments, a separate spacer isnot completely annular, for example including a slot through which theseparate spacer can be positioned over the axle 700, and/or between thewheel assembly 200 and the cart 100, after the wheel assembly 200 hasbeen coupled to the axle 700.

The wheel 202 in the wheel assembly 300 illustrated in FIG. 2E may alsobe injection or blow molded, and may include any or all of thecharacteristics illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B (e.g., treads 204, spokes206, and hollow interior surfaces 210). It will also be appreciated thatwheel assembly 300 described herein may comprise wheels manufacturedusing other processes (e.g., rotational or compression molding) and/orhaving other features. For example, the wheel may comprise materialssuch as wood, metal, rubber, combinations thereof, etc.

FIG. 3A is a bottom perspective view of an example embodiment of a hubassembly 400 (e.g., an “inner” side when the hub assembly 400 is coupledto a wheel 202 that is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). FIG. 3Bis a top perspective and partial cross-sectional view of the hubassembly 400 of FIG. 3A along the line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A, with theretaining element 430, the biasing element 440, the restraining element438, and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 in elevationalview. The hub assembly 400 comprises a retainer housing 420, a retainingelement 430, a biasing element 440, a restraining element 438, and ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450. The retainer housing 420includes a wheel mounting sleeve 424 including an axle bore 416configured to receive an axle 700 and configured to be inserted within asleeve bore of a wheel 202. The retainer housing 420 also includes a pinsleeve 432 including a first end 442, a second end 444, and a conduit446 between the first end 442 and the second end 444. The first end 442optionally includes a shoulder 410 extending into the conduit 446. Thepin sleeve 432 includes an axial channel 426 which may run the length ofthe pin sleeve 432 to allow for insertion of the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 from the second end 444 of the pin sleeve 432. Insome embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 isinserted into a portion of the pin sleeve 432 (e.g., proximate to thefirst end 442) and rotated. Other methods of assembling a hub assembly400 are also possible. The retaining element 430 is disposed within theconduit 446 of the pin sleeve 432. The retaining element 430 isconfigured to operatively engage a groove 702 in an axle 700. In someembodiments, the retaining element 430 comprises a pin. In certainembodiments, an axle 700 has a chamfered end 704 such that the retainingelement 430 is transversely displaced relative to the movement of theaxle 700. In certain alternative embodiments, the retaining element 430is shaped (e.g., chamfered) such that it is transversely displacedrelative to the movement of an axle 700 (e.g., without a chamfered end).In some embodiments, the retaining element 430 is configured (e.g.,dimensioned) to reduce (e.g., decrease, minimize, prevent) rubbing ofthe sides of the groove 702 in the axle 700 by the sides of theretaining element 430. In some embodiments, the retaining element 430comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which may be more resistant todamage from typical usage of the wheel assembly 200, 300 than plastic.Metal may also be better suited to shock loading and vibration thanplastic. However, other materials (e.g., plastic) are also possible.

The retaining element 430 optionally includes a lip 436 that is widerthan the shoulder 410. The optional lip 436 and shoulder 410 caninteract to inhibit the retaining element 430 from exiting the first end442 of the pin sleeve 432. In hub assemblies comprising a retainingelement without a lip and a retainer housing without a shoulder, theretaining element may be pushed by the biasing element 440 into the axlebore 416, where it may become lost (e.g., by becoming displaced from thehub assembly) or damaged (e.g., by being crushed by the axle 700),although some embodiments described herein can avoid these issues. Othershapes and types of retaining elements 430 are also possible. Forexample, the retaining element 430 may be shaped to always have acertain orientation within the conduit 446 (e.g., having a flat sidethat inhibits rotation of the retaining element 430 within the conduit446 (e.g., a flat side on the lip 436)). Such an embodiment may beuseful for proper engagement of a chamfered retaining element 430 with anon-chamfered axle 700. For another example, the lip 436 may belongitudinally thicker, which can stabilize the retaining element 430 byreducing the chance of the retaining element 430 from pivoting withinthe conduit 446. Other possible shapes for the retaining element 430include those that can aid in engaging the retaining element 430 withthe biasing element 440 and/or the hand-maneuverable release mechanism450 (e.g., as described with respect to FIG. 5F).

The biasing element 440 is disposed within the conduit 446 of the pinsleeve 432. The biasing element 440 is configured to bias the retainingelement 430 towards the axle bore 416. The biasing element 440 maycomprise a coil spring (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 3B), a leaf spring,and the like. In some embodiments, the biasing element 440 comprisesmetal (e.g., stainless steel), which may be more resistant to damagefrom typical usage of the wheel assembly 200, 300 than plastic and whichmay be better suited to shock loading and vibration than plastic.However, other materials (e.g., plastic) are also possible. Other shapesand types of biasing elements 440 are also possible. In certainembodiments, the retaining element 430 and the biasing element 440 aredisposed in a cartridge that can be disposed in the pin sleeve 432. Theaddition of layers such as a cartridge body would not depart from theinvention disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the biasing element 440within the pin sleeve 432 is in a relaxed position (e.g., the biasingelement 440 only applies force to the retaining element 430 and therestraining element 438 upon being compressed). In certain embodiments,the biasing element 440 within the pin sleeve 432 is in a compressedstate such that the biasing element 440 applies force to the retainingelement 430 and the restraining element 438 regardless of the positionof the retaining element 430. The restraining element 438 is stationary,but the retaining element 430 can move longitudinally within the pinsleeve 432 and compress the biasing element 440.

The restraining element 438 is configured to inhibit the retainingelement 430 and/or the biasing element 440 from exiting the second end444 of the pin sleeve 432, at least prior to coupling the hub assembly400 to a wheel 202. The restraining element 438 may comprise a plug, athreaded plug, a deformation in the pin sleeve 432 (e.g., a deformation439 as illustrated in FIG. 3F), a plurality of ledges extending radiallyinto the pin sleeve 432, a disc insertable in a slot in the pin sleeve432, and the like. The omission of the restraining element 438, forexample so that the biasing element 440 would abut a wall of a wheel202, would not depart from the invention disclosed herein.

The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 is configured to displacethe retaining element 430 away from the axle bore 416. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 may comprise a tab 456 or othermeans for user interaction, a lifter 454, which interacts with theretaining element 430, and a connector 452 connecting the lifter 454 andthe tab 456. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 also comprisesoptional guide arms 458. Additional examples of hand-maneuverablerelease mechanisms 450, some of which are described in detail withrespect to FIGS. 5A-5J, can include an angled connector, differentshapes and configurations of lifters, the omission of guide arms, anddifferent shapes and configurations of tabs.

In some embodiments, two or more of the internal elements of the hubassembly 400 may be integrated. For example, the retaining element 430and the biasing element 440 may comprise a single piece of plastic ormetal, or two pieces of plastic or metal that are coupled (e.g., welded,adhered). For another example, the biasing element 440 and therestraining element 438 may comprise a single piece of plastic or metal,or two pieces of plastic or metal that are coupled (e.g., welded,adhered). For yet another example, the retaining element 430, thebiasing element 440, and the restraining element 438 may comprise asingle piece of plastic or metal, or multiple pieces of plastic or metalthat are coupled (e.g., welded, adhered). For still another example, theretaining element 430 and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450may comprise a single piece of plastic or metal, or two pieces ofplastic or metal that are coupled (e.g., welded, adhered). For still yetanother example, the retaining element 430, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450, and the biasing element 440 may comprise a singlepiece of plastic or metal, or multiple pieces of plastic or metal thatare coupled (e.g., welded, adhered). Other combinations are alsopossible.

In certain embodiments, the retainer housing 420 includes a plurality ofraised projections 418. The raised projections 418 can provide a numberof advantages. In certain embodiments, the raised projections 418 mayincrease an amount of surface area that makes contact with the wheel202. In certain embodiments, the raised projections 418 properly orientthe retainer housing 420 with the wheel 202. In some embodiments, theraised projections 418 allow the retainer housing 420 to be properlyaligned (e.g., in a vibratory feeder) for assembly (e.g., automatedassembly) with other components of the hub assembly 400 (e.g., theretaining element 430, the biasing element 440, the restraining element438, and/or the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450). In certainsuch embodiments, at least some of the plurality of projections 418 mayhave a common endpoint. In some embodiments, the raised projections 418allow the hub assembly 400 to be properly aligned (e.g., in a vibratoryfeeder) for assembly (e.g., automated assembly with other components ofthe wheel assembly 200 (e.g., the wheel 202)). In certain suchembodiments, the assembled hub assembly 400 and the wheel 202 may beautomatically assembled (e.g., substantially without human interaction).In some embodiments, the raised projections 418 reinforce a junction orinterface between an end wall 428 of the retainer housing 420 and thewheel mounting sleeve 424, which can enhance the distribution of loads(e.g., traverse torque caused by movement of the wheel assembly 200generally along the longitudinal axis of the axle 700).

In some embodiments, the wheel mounting sleeve 424 comprises an annularrib 422 configured to engage a wall 208 of a sleeve bore 212 of a wheel202 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 2C). The annular rib 422 has a widththat is wider than the width of the sleeve bore 212. In certainembodiments, the wheel mounting sleeve 424 is press-fit into a sleevebore 212 of a wheel 202 until the annular rib 422 resiliently snaps outfrom the sleeve bore 212. In some embodiments, the annular rib 422comprises an axial slot 412 that can facilitate passage of the annularrib 422 through the sleeve bore 212. The axial slot 412 can also extendinto the wheel mounting sleeve 424, although there may be a tradeoffbetween the flexibility and strength of the wheel mounting sleeve 424.In certain embodiments, the annular rib 422 comprises two axial slots412 and a tooth 414 between the axial slots 412. In a relaxed position,the tooth 414 has a width that is wider than the sleeve bore 212. Theaxial slots 412 can assist in radially inward flexing of the tooth 414as it is urged through the sleeve bore 212. In some embodiments, thewheel mounting sleeve 424 has a substantially uniform surface. Incertain such embodiments, the hub assembly 400 may be coupled to a wheel202 by welding, adhesive, heat expansion, combinations thereof, and thelike. In some embodiments, the wheel mounting sleeve 424 comprises arecess and the wheel 202 may include a protrusion configured to engagethe recess.

In certain embodiments, the retainer housing 420 is injection molded.Injection molding may allow stricter tolerances than blow moldingbecause the thicknesses of the components may be controlled based on thespacing between the male and female molds. In some embodiments, the endwall 428, the wheel mounting sleeve 424, and the pin sleeve 432 areintegrally formed, although the pieces may also be separately formed andcoupled (e.g., welded, adhered). In certain embodiments in which theelements are integrally formed, injection molding can increasethroughput by reducing the number of downstream steps (e.g., eliminatingtrimming or boring steps because the conduit 446 and the axle bore 416may be formed open at least one end). Other features of the retainerhousing 420 may also be integrally formed (e.g., the raised projections418). In certain embodiments, the retainer housing 420 comprises plastic(e.g., high density polyethylene (HDPE) (e.g., high molecular weightHDPE)).

FIG. 3C is bottom perspective view of another example embodiment of ahub assembly 500 (e.g., an “inner” side when the hub assembly 500 ismounted to a wheel 202 that is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700).The hub assembly 500 comprises a retainer housing 520, a retainingelement 530, a biasing element 540, a restraining element 538, and ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 550, for example sharing certainfeatures with the retainer housing 520, the retaining element 530, thebiasing element 540, the restraining element 538, and/or thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 550 described with respect to FIG.3A. The inner components of the hub assembly 500 and their interaction,and/or the other features of the retainer housing 520, may be the sameas or similar to the components of the hub assembly 400 and the retainerhousing 420. The hub assembly 500 also illustrates two optional featuresof the retainer housing 520, which may be separately or jointlyincorporated into the retainer housing 520 or other retainer housingsdescribed herein.

In certain embodiments, the retainer housing 520 optionally comprises aspacer 548 longitudinally extending from the wheel mounting sleeve 524(e.g., from the annular rib 522). In certain such embodiments, thespacer 548 is integrally formed with the retainer housing 520. Suchintegral forming can increase the strength of the junction or interfacebetween the spacer 548 and the wheel mounting sleeve 524 versusembodiments in which the spacer 548 is coupled (e.g., welded, adhered)to the wheel mounting sleeve 524. Integral forming can also ensurecorrect radial and/or longitudinal sizing of the spacer 548, for exampleto have a suitable interface with the wheel mounting sleeve 524 and/orthe desired distance d from the cart body 102. The distance d may bebetween about 0.25 inches and about 3 inches (approx. between about 0.6cm and about 7.6 cm), between about 0.5 inches and about 3 inches(approx. between about 1.2 cm and about 7.6 cm), between about 1 inchand about 3 inches (approx. between about 2.5 cm and about 7.6 cm),combinations thereof, and the like. Other distances d are also possible(e.g., greater than about 3 inches (greater than approx. about 7.6 cm),less about 0.25 inches (less than approx. about 0.6 cm)). Integralforming can also ensure correct radial positioning of the spacer 548,for example to be substantially concentric (e.g., concentric) with thewheel mounting sleeve 524 and/or to bear on a certain portion of thewheel assembly 500 (e.g., the wheel mounting sleeve 524). The spacer 548may be fully annular (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 3B), partiallyannular, or another shape. FIG. 2E illustrates a wheel assembly 300comprising the hub assembly 500. A separate spacer, for example asdescribed herein, is also possible.

In some embodiments, the wheel mounting sleeve 524 and/or the spacer 548optionally include a guide rail 534. The guide rail 534 can provide anumber of advantages. In some embodiments, the guide rail 534 mayproperly orient the retainer housing 520 with the wheel 202. Forexample, the guide rail 534 may allow the retainer housing 520 to beproperly aligned for assembly (e.g., automated or semi-automatedassembly) with the wheel 202, for example by rotating the hub assembly500 until the guide rail 534 is able to pass through a complementarycutout 234 in the wheel 202. Certain such embodiments may reduce oreliminate the need for an alignment fixture during assembly. In certainsuch embodiments, the hub assembly 500 and the wheel 202 may beautomatically or semi-automatically assembled (e.g., substantiallywithout human interaction, totally without human interaction). In someembodiments, the hub assembly 500 and the wheel 202 may be at leastpartially manually or fully manually assembled (e.g., by a person usinga tool such as a rubber mallet).

In some embodiments, the annular rib 522 may be indented, decreased,beveled, shaved, differently sized, and the like proximate to the guiderail 534 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 3C). In certain such embodiments,the guide rail 534 can guide rotational positioning of the hub assembly500 throughout insertion into a wheel 202. In the embodiment illustratedin FIG. 3C, the guiderail 534 extends the entire length of the spacer548 and the wheel mounting sleeve 524. In some embodiments, theguiderail 534 extends only part of the length of the spacer 548 and/orthe wheel mounting sleeve 524. In some embodiments, initiating correctalignment between the hub assembly 500 and the wheel 202 is sufficient,for example because further coupling of the hub assembly 500 and thewheel 202 lacks rotation. In some embodiments, the guiderail 534 extendsintermittently along the length of the spacer 548 and/or the wheelmounting sleeve 524 (e.g., a first portion proximate to the outer end ofthe spacer 548 and a second portion proximate to the outer end of thewheel mounting sleeve 524). In some embodiments, alignment between thehub assembly 500 and a wheel 202 may be based at least partially on arecess in a spacer and/or a wheel mounting sleeve and a protrusion in awheel. Other sets of corresponding alignment features are also possible.

Referring again to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the hub assembly 400 comprises aguide rail 434. Referring again to FIG. 3B, a portion of the retainingelement 430 protrudes through the first end 442 of the pin sleeve 432and through the wheel mounting sleeve 424 and into the axle bore 416,where it can interact with a groove 702 in an axle 700. As an axle 700is inserted into the axle bore 416, the axle 700 pushes the retainingelement 430 into the pin sleeve 432. In the illustrated embodiment, theaxle 700 has a beveled end, so the retaining element 430 islongitudinally displaced upon a transverse force applied by the axle700. In some embodiments, the axle 700 does not have a beveled end, butthe retaining element 430 has a beveled end so the retaining element 430is longitudinally displaced upon a transverse force applied by the axle700. In some embodiments, both the axle 700 and the retaining element430 have beveled ends so the retaining element 430 is longitudinallydisplaced upon a transverse force applied by the axle 700. Once the axle700 is extended until the groove 702 is aligned with the retainingelement 430, the retaining element 430, acted upon by the biasingelement 440, extends out of the pin sleeve 432 and into the groove 702.Once engaged, the retaining element 430 interacts with the groove 702 toinhibit or prevent the hub assembly 400 from becoming detached from theaxle 700 unless acted upon by a specific force (e.g., thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450, a tool, etc.).

If a user wishes to detach the hub assembly 400 or a wheel assembly 200comprising the hub assembly 400 from an axle 700, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 may be manipulated. Manipulation of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism causes the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 to longitudinally displace the retaining element 430towards the second end 444 of the pin sleeve 432 and at least partiallyout (e.g., entirely out) of the axle bore 416, allowing an axle 700 tobe removed from the axle bore 416.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450interacts with a retaining element 430 via a lip 436 on the retainingelement 430. In certain embodiments, a lifter 454 and/or another portionof the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 is positioned under a lip436 on a retaining element 430. In some embodiments, a post 466 isinserted into an aperture 472 in a retaining element 430, for example asdescribed herein with respect to FIG. 5F.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 isconfigured to displace the retaining element 430 upon manipulation ofthe tab 456 towards the axle bore 416. In certain embodiments, a wheelmounting sleeve 424 or other surface acts as a bearing surface uponwhich the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 pivots the lifter 454upward; lifting the retaining element 430 out of the axle bore 416. FIG.3D is a partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly 400 of FIG. 3Aalong the line B-B of FIG. 3A, with the retaining element 430, thebiasing element 440, the restraining element 438, and thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 in elevational view. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 is in a release position, havingbeen pushed radially inward or towards the axle bore 416, or in adirection opposite to a direction of travel of the retaining element430. The release position allows the retaining element 430 to disengagefrom the axle 700.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 isconfigured to displace the retaining element 430 upon manipulation ofthe tab 456 away from the axle bore 416. In certain embodiments, pullingthe tab 456 of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 also pullsthe lifter 454, lifting the retaining element 430 out of the axle bore416. FIG. 3E is a partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly 400of FIG. 3A along the line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A, with the retaining element430, the biasing element 440, the restraining element 438, and thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 in elevational view. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 is in a release position, havingbeen pulled radially outward or away from the axle bore 416, or in thesame direction as a direction of travel of the retaining element 430.The release position allows the retaining element 430 to disengage fromthe axle 700.

In some embodiments, after the retaining element 430 is in a releaseposition, for example as illustrated in FIGS. 3D and 3E, the biasingelement 440 may cause the retaining element 440 to return to a lockingposition, for example as illustrated in FIG. 3B, without further actionby the user. Automatic return of the retaining element 440 to thelocking position may help ensure that a wheel assembly 200 is locked toan axle 700. In some embodiments, after the retaining element 430 is inthe release position, for example as illustrated in FIGS. 3D and 3E, theretaining element 440 does not return to the locking position, forexample as illustrated in FIG. 3B, and further action by a user returnsthe retaining element 440 to the locking position. For example, theretainer housing 420 or other part of the hub assembly 400 may include adetent or other mechanism configured to hold or maintain the retainingelement 430 in the release position, and a user may manipulate thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 to cause the retaining element430 to be in the locking position. Manual or semi-automatic return ofthe retaining element 440 to the locking position may reduce metal shearon the biasing element 440 during distribution, for example because thebiasing element 440 may already be compressed when a wheel assembly 200is coupled to an axle 700 and/or may reduce force used when coupling awheel assembly 200 to an axle 700. Manual or semi-automatic return ofthe retaining element 440 to the locking position may allow a hubassembly 400, for example including a non-beveled retaining element 430,to be coupled to a non-beveled axle, or other combinations of retainingelements and axles not amenable to automatic insertion. In someembodiments, the retaining element 430 in the release position of FIG.3D may return to the locking position without further action by theuser, and the retaining element 430 in the release position of FIG. 3Emay return to the locking position upon further action by the user, orvice versa.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a hub assembly 600comprising a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 650 on a side of thehub assembly 600 opposite a wheel mounting sleeve 624, with theretaining element 630, the biasing element 640, the restraining element638, and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 650 in elevationalview. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 650 may function oroperate similarly to the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450, forexample by longitudinally displacing a retaining element 630 towards asecond end 644 of a pin sleeve 632 and at least partially out (e.g.,entirely out) of an axle bore 616, allowing an axle 700 to be removedfrom the axle bore 616. Location of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 650 on a side opposite the wheel mounting sleeve can allow thehub assembly 600 to be used with existing wheels, for example that donot have cutouts for a hand-maneuverable release mechanism. The hubassembly 600 may be preferable for blow-molded wheels because thecreation of slots or cutouts during blow-molding may be difficult orimpractical. In certain embodiments, the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 650 blends into the design of the hub assembly 600. Forexample, the end wall 628 of the retainer housing may includeprotrusions designed to mimic the tab 656 of the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 650.

FIG. 5A is a top perspective view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 a. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5A includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 454,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 454. The lifter 454 includes a plurality(e.g., two) of generally arcuate prongs, which are configured tostraddle a retaining element 430. The connector 452 may protectcomponents in the pin sleeve 432, for example the retaining element 430and the biasing element 440, by inhibiting dirt and/or debris fromentering the pin sleeve 432 through the axial channel 426, which couldotherwise interfere with operation of the components. The tab 456includes a bent portion, although other ergonomic designs are alsopossible (e.g., concavities, texture, and the like).

FIG. 5B is a top perspective view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 b. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5B includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 454,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 454. The lifter 454 includes a plurality(e.g., two) of generally arcuate prongs, which are configured tostraddle a retaining element 430. The connector 452 may protectcomponents in the pin sleeve 432, for example the retaining element 430and the biasing element 440, by inhibiting dirt and/or debris fromentering the pin sleeve 432 through the axial channel 426, which couldotherwise interfere with operation of the components. The embodimentillustrated in FIG. 5B also includes optional guide arms 458, which mayinhibit the tab 456 from entering a pin sleeve 432 and/or inhibit thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 b from being jammed or thrustedinward. The guide arms 458 may also inhibit rotation of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 b during operation (e.g., byacting as a bearing surface against the pin sleeve 432) and/or addstructural stability to the tab 456. The tab 456 includes a bentportion, although other ergonomic designs are also possible (e.g.,concavities, texture, and the like).

FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of another example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 c. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5C includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 454,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 460 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 454. In contrast to the connectors 452illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, which are substantially orthogonal tothe plane of the lifter 454 and the tab 456, the connector 460 is angledwith respect to the plane of the lifter 454 and the tab 456. In someembodiments, an angled connector 460 may provide increased torque forembodiments in which the tab is manipulated toward an axle bore 416 orradially inward. In contrast to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5B,the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5C does not include guide arms 458.

FIG. 5D is a top perspective view of yet another example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 d. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5D includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 462,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 462. The lifter 462 includes a circularcontinuous arm configured to surround a retaining element 430. Anarcuate lifter 462 may provide better engagement with a retainingelement 430, for example in embodiments in which the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 d is manipulated away from an axle bore 416 orradially outward. Other arcuate shapes are also possible. For example,the lifter 462 may be oval in shape and/or truncated at the end oppositethe connector 452. For another example, the lifter 462 may comprise ahook or elongated hook extending greater than about 90°, greater thanabout 180°, greater than about 270°, less than about 360°, combinationsthereof, and the like, around the retaining element 430. Certain arcuateshapes may reduce or eliminate friction or binding that may be caused byinteraction between the lifter 462, the retaining element 430, and/orthe pin sleeve 432. In some embodiments, for example in embodiments inwhich the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 d is configured toonly be manipulated away from an axle bore 416 or radially outward,friction or binding between the lifter 462, the retaining element 430,and/or the pin sleeve 432 may be desirable to inhibit or prevent theretaining element 430 from being lifted away from an axle bore 416 uponmanipulation of the tab 456 towards the axle bore 416 or radiallyinward, but to allow the retaining element 430 to be lifted away from anaxle bore 416 upon manipulation of the tab 456 away from the axle bore416. In contrast to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5B, theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 5D does not include guide arms 458.

FIG. 5E is a top perspective view of still another example embodiment ofa hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 e. The embodiment illustratedin FIG. 5E includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/oraway from an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter464, which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting theretaining element 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452connecting the tab 456 and the lifter 464. The lifter 464 includes asingle, generally-arcuate prong, which is configured to abut a portionof a retaining element 430. A single prong may reduce the material usedin the production of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 e. Asingle prong may also reduce or eliminate friction or binding that maybe caused by interaction between the lifter 464, the retaining element430, and/or the pin sleeve 432. In contrast to the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 5B, the embodiment illustrated in 5E does notinclude guide arms 458.

FIG. 5F is a top perspective view of yet still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 f. Theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 5F includes a tab 456, which may bemanipulated toward and/or away from an axle bore 416 or radially inwardand/or outward, a lifter 466, which can act on a retaining element 430(e.g., lifting the retaining element 430 away from an axle bore 416),and a connector 452 connecting the tab 456 and the lifter 466. Thelifter 466 comprises a post, which may have a rectangular cross section(e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5F), a round cross section, and the like.In contrast to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5B, the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 5F does not include guide arms 458. FIG. 5G is a topperspective and partial cross-sectional view of the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 f of FIG. 5F inserted into an aperture 472 in aretaining element 430. In some embodiments, the aperture 472 includes anangled or tapered feature (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5G) or is largeenough that, when the tab 456 is pushed towards the axle bore 416 orradially inward, the lifter 466 may pivot within the retaining element430, thereby engaging the retaining element 430 and moving the retainingelement 430 longitudinally away from the axle bore 416. In someembodiments, for example in embodiments in which the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 is configured to only be manipulated away from anaxle bore 416 or radially outward, the aperture 472 is small enough thatthe lifter 466 cannot pivot. In certain such embodiments, friction orbinding between the lifter 466, the retaining element 430, and/or thepin sleeve 432 may be desirable to inhibit or prevent the retainingelement 430 from being lifted away from an axle bore 416 uponmanipulation of the tab 456 towards the axle bore 416 or radiallyinward, but to allow the retaining element 430 to be lifted away from anaxle bore 416 upon manipulation of the tab 456 away from the axle bore416. The retaining element 430 illustrated in FIG. 5G does not include alip 436 because the lifter 466 of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 f can inhibit or prevent the retaining element 430 fromexiting the first end 442 of the pin sleeve 432. In some embodiments, aretaining element 430 without a lip 436 may be easier to manufacture(e.g., machine (e.g., mill ends from a straight rod), cold heading(e.g., forcing ends of a straight rod together at high force until acentral portion bulges), cast (e.g., from lost wax), etc.) and have areduced cost versus a retaining element 430 with a lip 436. In someembodiments, the lack of a lip 436 on the retaining element 430 mayallow the retainer housing 420 to not include a shoulder 410, which mayreduce material usage and/or reduce the complexity of the retainerhousing 420. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 f may inhibit or prevent rotation of the retaining element430 in a pin sleeve 432, which may allow a retaining element 430 (e.g.,including a chamfered edge on one side) to be used in combination withan axle that does not include a chamfered edge. In some embodiments, theretainer housing 420 may include features configured to inhibit theretaining element 430 from falling into the axle bore 416. For example,the connector 452 of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 f mayabut the pin sleeve 432 and/or the retainer housing 420 may include aprotrusion proximate to the coupling between the connector 452 and thelifter 466 or heel of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 f. Thefeatures may inhibit movement of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism450 f only when the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 f is engagedwith the retaining element 430.

FIG. 5H is a top perspective view of a further example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 h. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5H includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 454,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 470 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 454. The tab 456 may optionally include aportion bent at an angle α. In contrast to the connectors 452illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, which are substantially orthogonal tothe plane of the lifter 454 and the tab 456, and the connector 460illustrated in 5C, which is angled with respect to the plane of thelifter 454 and the tab 456, the connector 470 illustrated in 5H isparallel with the lifter 454 and the tab 456. In some embodiments, theconnector 470 may also be shortened in length. A shortened connector mayreduce the material used in producing a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 h, potentially reducing the production costs. In someembodiments, the retainer housing 420 of a hub assembly 400 comprisingthe hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 h includes a protrusion(e.g., bump, rail, etc.) that allows the lifter 454 to pivot upward whenthe tab 456 is pushed downward. In some embodiments, the bend in the tab456 of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism allows the lifter 454 topivot upward when the tab 456 is pushed downward. In some embodiments,upward manipulation of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 hcauses direct upward movement of the retaining element 430. In certainsuch embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 h iscoupled (e.g., fused, glued, welded, combinations thereof, and the like)to or integrated with the retaining element 430.

FIG. 5I is a top perspective view of a still further embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 i. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5I includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 454,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 454. In contrast to the tab 456 in FIG. 5A,the tab 456 in FIG. 5I includes a weakened section 468 (illustrated bythe dotted lines in FIG. 5I). In some embodiments, the weakened section468 may allow a user to separate the tab 456 from the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 i, providing lasting protection againstaccidental, casual, and/or unwanted removal. In contrast to theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 5B, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5Idoes not include guide arms 458.

FIG. 5J is a top perspective view of a yet still further embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 j. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5J includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated toward and/or awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially inward and/or outward, a lifter 454,which can act on a retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retainingelement 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452 connectingthe tab 456 and the lifter 454. The hand-maneuverable mechanism 450 j isan example of a hand-maneuverable mechanism 450 comprising (e.g., madeof) plastic. A plastic hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 mayinclude certain features described herein (e.g., the lifter 454 maycomprise any of the embodiments discussed above in FIGS. 5A-5I, as wellas other embodiments). Plastic hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 450may be more versatile (e.g., more easily able to include multiplefeatures than could be stamped from a sheet of metal, more easilychanged by changing a mold and/or removing pieces, etc.) and/or lessexpensive to produce than metal hand-maneuverable release mechanisms450. In some embodiments, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450comprising plastic includes certain buttressing features to improvedurability and/or performance. In some embodiments, buttressing featuresmay influence changes in certain other components of an associated hubassembly and/or wheel assembly (e.g., for clearance). In someembodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 j includes astructural support member 472 between the tab 456 and the connector 452,which may, for example, inhibit the tab 456 and/or the connector 452from bending or breaking upon manipulation. Another example of astructural support member 472, for example between the connector 452 andthe lifter 454, may inhibit the lifter 454 and/or the connector 452 frombending or breaking upon manipulation of the tab 456. In certainembodiments, the thickness of a lifter 454 comprising plastic may begreater than the thickness of a lifter 454 comprising metal, for exampleto inhibit the parts of the lifter 454 from bending or breaking uponinteraction with a retaining element 430.

In some embodiments, a retaining element 430 may be integrally formedwith a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 to form ahand-maneuverable retaining element 480 (e.g., by injection moldingand/or milling a single hand-maneuverable retaining element 480comprising both the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 and theretaining element 430). In some embodiments, a retaining element 430 maybe coupled to a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 to form ahand-maneuverable retaining element 480 (e.g., by fusing, gluing,welding, combinations thereof, and the like). The components of thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 may comprise metal, plastic,wood, and/or other suitable materials. The components of thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 may comprise the same materialor different materials. For example, in some embodiments, the retainingelement 430 comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel) and thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 comprises plastic (e.g., HDPE).For another example, in some embodiments, the retaining element 430comprises plastic (e.g., HDPE) and the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 comprises plastic (e.g., HDPE).

FIG. 5K is a side cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable retaining element 480. The hand-maneuverable retainingelement 480 includes a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k and aretaining element 430. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k ofthe hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes a tab 456, whichmay be manipulated away from an axle bore 416 or radially outward, alifter 476, which can act on the retaining element 430 (e.g., liftingthe retaining element 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector452 connecting the tab 456 and the lifter 476. In some embodiments(e.g., embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450k comprises plastic), the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 kincludes buttressing features such as structural supports, for exampleas described herein with respect to FIG. 5J. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 does not include a gap betweenthe connector 452 and the tab 456 of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 k and the retaining element 430. The retaining element 430includes a lip 436, which may provide more surface area to connect thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k to the retaining element 430and/or inhibit the retaining element 430 from exiting the second end ofthe pin sleeve 432 and falling into the axle bore 416. The lip 436 mayextend around a central portion of the retaining element 430 (e.g., asillustrated in FIG. 5I), or may be longitudinally offset (e.g., only asmall portion of the retaining element 430 extending above the lip 436).In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 isintegrally formed, for example by injection molding or milling a singlepiece comprising both the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k andthe retaining element 430. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 is formed by coupling (e.g., gluing, fusing,welding, combinations thereof, and the like) a separately formedhand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k and a separately formedretaining element 430. In some embodiments, forming thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes forming (e.g.,injection molding) the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k atleast partially around the retaining element 430 (e.g., at leastpartially around the lip 436 of the retaining element 430), which waspreviously formed (e.g., by earlier injection molding, from metalcasting or milling, etc.). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5K, thelifter 476 encompasses at least part (e.g., the entirety) of the lip 436of the retaining element 430, which may contribute to a strong bondand/or connection between the retaining element 430 and thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 k, and/or may use less materialthan, for example, the embodiments described herein with respect to FIG.5L. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 kmay inhibit or prevent rotation of the retaining element 430 in a pinsleeve 432, which may allow a retaining element 430 (e.g., including achamfered edge on one side) to be used in combination with an axle thatdoes not include a chamfered edge. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 may allow rotation of theretaining element 430 in a pin sleeve 432. The hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 illustrated in FIG. 5K may be useful inembodiments of hub assemblies and/or wheel assemblies in which thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 is manipulated away from theaxle bore or radially outward (e.g., as opposed to being pushed towardsthe axle bore or radially inward).

FIG. 5L is a side cross-sectional view of another example embodiment ofa hand-maneuverable retaining element 480. The hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 includes a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450l and a retaining element 430. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism450 l of the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes a tab 456,which may be manipulated away from an axle bore 416 or radially outward,a lifter 478, which can act on the retaining element 430 (e.g., liftingthe retaining element 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector452 connecting the tab 456 and the lifter 478. In some embodiments(e.g., embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450comprises plastic), the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 lincludes buttressing features such as structural supports, for exampleas described herein with respect to FIG. 5J. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 does not include a gap betweenthe connector 452 and the tab 456 of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 l and the retaining element 430. The retaining element 430includes a lip 436, which may provide more surface area to connect thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l to the retaining element 430and/or inhibit the retaining element 430 from exiting the second end ofthe pin sleeve 432 and falling into the axle bore 416. The lip 436 mayextend around a central portion of the retaining element 430 (e.g., asillustrated in FIG. 5L), or may be longitudinally offset (e.g., only asmall portion of the retaining element 430 extending above the lip 436).In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 isintegrally formed, for example by injection molding or milling a singlepiece comprising both the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l andthe retaining element 430. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 is formed by coupling (e.g., gluing, fusing,welding, combinations thereof, and the like) a separately formedhand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l and a separately formedretaining element 430. In some embodiments, forming thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes forming (e.g.,injection molding) the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l atleast partially around the retaining element 430 (e.g., at leastpartially around the lip 436 of the retaining element and other portionsof the retaining element 430), which was previously formed (e.g., byearlier injection molding, from metal casting or milling, etc.). In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 5L, the lifter 478 encompasses at leastpart (e.g., the entirety) of the retaining element 430, which maycontribute to a strong bond and/or connection between the retainingelement 430 and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450. In someembodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l substantiallycovers (e.g., covers) the entire retaining element 430, which may, forexample, inhibit corrosion (e.g., rusting) of the retaining element 430that may occur from interaction between the retaining element 430 andother components such as a biasing element 440 and an axle 700. In someembodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l may reducenoise (e.g., noise due to a metal axle 700 rubbing a metal retainingelement 430) during use of a wheel assembly 200. For example, some axles700 include a zinc-iron coating that roughens the surface and inhibitscorrosion, but can result in an irritating squeaking sound due toengagement with a metal retaining element 430. In some embodiments, atleast a portion of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l iscoated with a sound-deafening material such as plastisol,polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), plastic, rubber, etc. Other retainingelements and hand-maneuverable release mechanisms described herein mayalso be at least partially coated with material configured to reducenoise and/or to inhibit corrosion of the retaining element orhand-maneuverable release mechanism. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 l may inhibit or preventrotation of the retaining element 430 in a pin sleeve 432, which mayallow a retaining element 430 (e.g., including a chamfered edge on oneside) to be used in combination with an axle that does not include achamfered edge. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 l may allow rotation of the retaining element 430 in a pinsleeve 432. The hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 illustrated inFIG. 5L may be useful in embodiments in which the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 l is manipulated away from the axle bore orradially outward (e.g., as opposed to being pushed towards the axle boreor radially inward).

FIG. 5M is a side cross-sectional view of still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable retaining element 480. Thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 m and a retaining element 430. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m of the hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially outward, and a lifter 476, which canact on the retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retaining element430 away from an axle bore 416). In some embodiments (e.g., embodimentsin which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m comprisesplastic), the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m includesbuttressing features such as structural supports, for example asdescribed herein with respect to FIG. 5J. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes a buttressing featurebetween the tab 456 of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m andthe retaining element 430. The retaining element 430 includes a lip 436,which may provide more surface area to connect the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 m to the retaining element 430 and/or inhibit theretaining element 430 from exiting the second end of the pin sleeve 432and falling into the axle bore 416. The lip 436 may extend around acentral portion of the retaining element 430 (e.g., as illustrated inFIGS. 5M and 5N), or may be longitudinally offset (e.g., only a smallportion of the retaining element 430 extending above the lip 436). Insome embodiments, the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 isintegrally formed, for example by injection molding or milling a singlepiece comprising both the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m andthe retaining element 430. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 is formed by coupling (e.g., gluing, fusing,welding, combinations thereof, and the like) a separately formedhand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m and a separately formedretaining element 430. In some embodiments, forming thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes forming (e.g.,injection molding) the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m atleast partially around the retaining element 430 (e.g., at leastpartially around the lip 436 of the retaining element and other portionsof the retaining element 430), which was previously formed (e.g., byearlier injection molding, from metal casting or milling, etc.). In theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 5M, the lifter 476 encompasses at leastpart (e.g., the entirety) of the lip 436 of the retaining element 430,which may contribute to a strong bond and/or connection between theretaining element 430 and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m,and/or may use less material than, for example the embodiments describedherein with respect to FIG. 5L. In contrast to the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 5K, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5M does notinclude a connector between the tab 456 and the lifter 476. The tab 456extends straight out from the lifter 476. In some embodiments, forexample as illustrated by the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 nof the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 of FIG. 5N, the tab 456extends from the lifter 476 at an angle α. In some embodiments, theangle α is between about 5° and about 45°, between about 10° and about30°, between about 15° and about 25°, combinations thereof, and thelike. Certain embodiments lacking a connector may use less materialthan, for example, embodiments described herein comprising a connector452. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 mmay inhibit or prevent rotation of the retaining element 430 in a pinsleeve 432, which may allow a retaining element 430 (e.g., including achamfered edge on one side) to be used in combination with an axle thatdoes not include a chamfered edge. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 m may allow rotation of theretaining element 430 in a pin sleeve 432. The embodiment illustrated inFIG. 5M may be useful in embodiments in which the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 m is manipulated away from the axle bore orradially outward (e.g., as opposed to being pushed towards the axle boreor radially inward).

FIG. 5O is a side cross-sectional view of yet still another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable retaining element 480. Thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 o and a retaining element 430. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o of the hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 includes a tab 456, which may be manipulated awayfrom an axle bore 416 or radially outward, a lifter 482, which can acton the retaining element 430 (e.g., lifting the retaining element 430away from an axle bore 416), and a connector 452 connecting the tab 456and the lifter 482. In some embodiments (e.g., embodiments in which thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o comprises plastic), thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o includes buttressing featuressuch as structural supports, for example as described herein withrespect to FIG. 5J. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable retainingelement 480 does not include a gap between the connector 452 and the tab456 of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o and the retainingelement 430. The retaining element 430 includes a groove 474, which mayprovide more surface area to connect the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 o to the retaining element 430 and/or structurally improvethe connection between the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o andthe retaining element 430. The retaining element 430 does not include alip 436, but the lifter 476 may inhibit the retaining element 430 fromexiting the second end of the pin sleeve 432 and falling into the axlebore 416. The groove 474 may extend around a central portion of theretaining element 430 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5O), or may belongitudinally offset (e.g., only a small portion of the retainingelement 430 extending above the groove 474). In some embodiments, groove474 in a retaining element 430 may be easier to manufacture (e.g.,machine or mill) and/or have reduced cost versus a retaining element 430including a lip 436. In some embodiments, a retaining element 430without a lip 436 may use less material than a retaining element 430including a lip 436, which may reduce material costs. In someembodiments, use of a retaining element 430 without a lip 436 may allowthe retainer housing 420 to not include a shoulder 410, which may reducematerial usage and/or reduce the complexity of the retainer housing 420.In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 isintegrally formed, for example by injection molding or milling a singlepiece comprising both the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o andthe retaining element 430. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 is formed by coupling (e.g., gluing, fusing,welding, combinations thereof, and the like) a separately formedhand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o and a separately formedretaining element 430. In some embodiments, forming thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes forming (e.g.,injection molding) the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 at leastpartially around and/or into the retaining element 430 (e.g., at leastpartially around and/or into the groove 474 of the retaining element430), which was previously formed (e.g., by earlier injection molding,from metal casting or milling, etc.). In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o may inhibit or preventrotation of the retaining element 430 in a pin sleeve 432, which mayallow a retaining element 430 (e.g., including a chamfered edge on oneside) to be used in combination with an axle that does not include achamfered edge. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 o may allow rotation of the retaining element 430 in a pinsleeve 432. The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5O may be useful inembodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 o ismanipulated away from the axle bore or radially outward (e.g., asopposed to being pushed towards the axle bore or radially inward).

FIG. 5P is a side cross-sectional view of a further example embodimentof a hand-maneuverable retaining element 480. The hand-maneuverableretaining element 480 includes a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450p and a retaining element 430. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism450 p of the hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes a tab 456,which may be manipulated away from an axle bore 416 or radially outward,a lifter 484, which can act on the retaining element 430 (e.g., liftingthe retaining element 430 away from an axle bore 416), and a connector452 connecting the tab 456 and the lifter 484. In some embodiments(e.g., embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450p comprises plastic), the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 pincludes buttressing features such as structural supports, for exampleas described herein with respect to FIG. 5J. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 does not include a gap betweenthe connector 452 and the tab 456 of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 p and the retaining element 430. The retaining element 430includes an aperture 486. The aperture 486 may extend entirely throughthe retaining element 430 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 5P), or mayextend partially through the retaining element 430. The aperture 486 mayextend through a longitudinal axis of the retaining element 430 (e.g.,as illustrated in FIG. 5P), or may be laterally offset. The aperture 486may extend through a central portion of the retaining element 430 (e.g.,as illustrated in FIG. 5P), or may be longitudinally offset (e.g., onlya small portion of the retaining element 430 extending above theaperture 486). The retaining element 430 does not include a lip 436, butthe lifter 484 may inhibit the retaining element 430 from exiting thesecond end of the pin sleeve 432 and falling into the axle bore 416. Insome embodiments, an aperture 486 may be easier to manufacture (e.g.,machine or mill) and/or have reduced cost versus a retaining element 430including a lip 436. In some embodiments, a retaining element 430without a lip 436 may use less material than retaining element 430including a lip 436, which may reduce material costs. In someembodiments, use of a retaining element 430 without a lip 436 may allowthe retainer housing 420 to not include a shoulder 410, which may reducematerial usage and/or reduce the complexity of the retainer housing 420.The aperture 486 is at least partially filled by the lifter 484 of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 p. The aperture 486 may providemore surface area to connect the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450p to the retaining element 430 and/or allow for a more secure bondbetween the retaining element 430 and the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 p. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable retainingelement 480 is integrally formed, for example by injection molding ormilling a single piece comprising both the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 p and the retaining element 430. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable retaining element 480 is formed by coupling (e.g.,gluing, fusing, welding, combinations thereof, and the like) aseparately formed hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 p and aseparately formed retaining element 430. In some embodiments, formingthe hand-maneuverable retaining element 480 includes forming (e.g.,injection molding) the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 p atleast partially into the retaining element 430 (e.g., at least partiallyinto the aperture 486 of the retaining element 430), which waspreviously formed (e.g., by earlier injection molding, from metalcasting or milling, etc.). In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 p may inhibit or prevent rotation of the retainingelement 430 in a pin sleeve 432, which may allow a retaining element 430(e.g., including a chamfered edge on one side) to be used in combinationwith an axle that does not include a chamfered edge. The embodimentillustrated in FIG. 5P may be useful in embodiments in which thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 p is manipulated away from theaxle bore or radially outward (e.g., as opposed to being pushed towardsthe axle bore or radially inward).

Some of the features of the hand-maneuverable retaining elements 480illustrated herein may also be adapted to retaining elements andhand-maneuverable release mechanisms described herein. For example, ametal retaining element may be coated or substantially coated withplastic, for example to inhibit corrosion. For another example, many ofthe retaining elements and hand-maneuverable release mechanismsdescribed herein as being separate components may be integrated. Othercomponents such as biasing elements and restraining elements may also beintegral with, for example, retaining elements. For example, it may bepossible to injection mold a single component including a retainingelement, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism, a biasing element, and arestraining element, which can be inserted into a retainer housing in asingle step.

In certain embodiments, a method of manufacturing a hub assembly (e.g.,a hub assembly 400, 500, 600 described herein and modifications thereof)comprises positioning a portion of a hand-maneuverable release mechanismin a pin sleeve, positioning a retaining element in the pin sleeve, andpositioning a biasing element in the pin sleeve. In some embodiments,the method of manufacturing the hub assembly further comprises occludinga second end of the pin sleeve (e.g., with a restraining element), forexample to inhibit the retaining element and/or the biasing element fromexiting the second end of a pin sleeve, at least prior to coupling thehub assembly to a wheel. Certain such embodiments can allow storage ofassembled hub assemblies without danger of pieces becoming lost (whichmay also allow resources to be allocated without regard to quantity ofwheel assembly components (e.g., hub assemblies can be made even ifthere are no wheels to couple them to because they can be stored withoutthe fear of losing pieces)), transportation of assembled hub assemblies(e.g., independent of the transportation of wheels, which may be lessexpensively manufactured more proximate to the wheel assembly site),and/or use of automated assembly such as vibratory feeders. Otheradvantages are also possible. For example, if a wheel is damaged, anoccluded hub assembly, which is typically the more expensive wheelassembly component, can be coupled to another wheel because all of theinternal components are present upon separation from the damaged wheel.Methods of manufacturing certain of the individual components of hubassemblies are described herein (e.g., injection molding a retainerhousing, rotationally inserting a hand-maneuverable release mechanisminto a pin sleeve), and/or one or more of the components may bepurchased and then the components assembled.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a wheel assembly (e.g., awheel assembly 200, 300 described herein and modifications thereof)comprises inserting a hub assembly (e.g., a hub assembly 400, 500, 600described herein and modifications thereof) into a wheel (e.g., a wheel202 described herein and modifications thereof). In some embodiments, amethod of manufacturing a wheel assembly (e.g., a wheel assembly 200,300 described herein and modifications thereof) comprises inserting ahub assembly without a restraining element into a wheel, for example sothat the biasing element can abut a wall or other portion of the wheel.In some embodiments, coupling the hub assembly to the wheel comprisesinserting a wheel mounting sleeve of the hub assembly into a sleeve boreof the wheel. In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing the wheelassembly comprises forming the wheel 202. In some embodiments, formingthe wheel comprises deflashing the wheel, for example prior to beingcoupled to the hub assembly. Methods of manufacturing certain of theindividual components of wheel assemblies are described herein (e.g.,injection molding and blow molding of wheels, assembly of hubassemblies), and/or one or more of the components may be purchased andthen the components assembled.

Without a hand-maneuverable release mechanism, disengaging a hubassembly or a wheel assembly from an axle destroyed the wheel assemblyor employed various tools (e.g., through a hidden or candid toolpassageway). For example, a hub assembly may include a tool passagewaythrough which a tool (e.g., an auger or a screwdriver) could be used tomanipulate the retaining element out of the axle bore. Some hubassemblies only allow access to the release mechanism through use of aspecialized tool, which a service technician may not have readilyavailable. Tool passageways generally allow users to remove the wheelfor reasons such as repair, maintenance, distribution, transportationfor sale, and the like, but inhibit accidental, casual, or unwantedremoval (e.g., by vandals). The tool passageway may even be covered by aflashing or membrane to disguise the removal ability from a casualobserver, but not from appropriate persons having knowledge of the hubassembly. Once the membrane is punctured, the disguise may be breachedand the tool passageway may be apparent to vandals and the like. Removalonly by tool passageway can make it difficult for appropriate parties toremove the wheels, for example during sale, distribution, repair, etc. Ahub assembly or a wheel assembly including a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism can allow for easy removal by a knowledgeable or appropriateuser and, if placed in a position substantially hidden from view (e.g.,at least partially obscured by a cart body), lasting protection againstaccidental, casual, and/or unwanted removal.

In some embodiments, the hub assembly 400 does not include a toolpassageway 404, but can achieve certain advantages associated with ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 described herein. Referringagain to FIGS. 3B and 3D, in some embodiments, the hub assembly 400optionally comprises both a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 anda tool passageway 404. In some embodiments, the tool passageway 404 maybe on an opposite side of the hub assembly 400 from thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450. In certain embodiments, aflashing or membrane (or “puncture skin”) 406 may at least partiallycover the tool passageway 404. The membrane 406 is preferably thinenough to be punctured by the tool prior to engagement with theretaining element 430 (e.g., about 0.01 inches (approx. 0.25 millimeters(mm)) thick). The membrane 406 can provide evidence of tampering withthe hub assembly 400. The membrane 406 may disguise the removal abilityfrom a casual observer. Although illustrated as being in a portion ofthe tool passageway 404 proximate to the conduit 446, the membrane 406may be flush with the end wall 428, flush with the outer edge of thetool passageway, or elsewhere. The tool passageway 404 may be raisedwith respect to the end wall 428 to help identify the tool passageway404 if covered by a membrane 406 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 2A)and/or to aid in positioning of the hub assembly 400 into the wheel 202(e.g., in embodiments not including a guide rail 434). Tool passagewaysand membranes may also be used with other hub assemblies describedherein.

The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 may be manipulated, forexample as described herein, to extend the retaining element 430 towardsthe second end 444 of the pin sleeve 432 and at least partially out(e.g., entirely out) of the axle bore 416, at which point the axle 700may be slid out of the axle bore 416. Use of the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 may be by a knowledgeable or appropriate user, forexample during distribution, installation, repair, etc., and may leavethe tool passageway unfettered, for example to continue to provideprotection against accidental, casual, and/or unwanted removal. In someembodiments, the wheel 202 may contain a cutout to provide visual and/ortactile identification of the tab 456 and provide access to the tab 456.

A tool inserted through a tool passageway 404 may be used to detach thehub assembly 400 from an axle 700. A tool may be leveraged under a lip436 on the retaining element 430 and may extend the retaining element430 towards the second end 444 of the pin sleeve 432 and at leastpartially out (e.g., entirely out) of the axle bore 416, at which pointthe axle 700 may be slid out of the axle bore 416. In some embodiments,a tool may act on a lip 436 of the retaining element 430 (e.g., actingas a wedge or lever to cause the retaining element 430 to move). In someembodiments, a tool may pierce or puncture the retaining element 430such that movement of the tool causes a corresponding movement of theretaining element 430. Other interactions between a tool and theretaining element 430 are also possible (e.g., a tool may fit into aslot of a retaining element 430). Use of a tool through the toolpassageway 404 may also be by a knowledgeable or appropriate user, forexample if it is no longer desired to continue to provide protectionagainst accidental, casual, and/or unwanted removal, and/or for exampleif a knowledgeable or appropriate user knows about the tool passageway,but not about the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450.

The inclusion of a both a tool passageway 404 and a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450 can allow options for wheel assembly 400 removalwithout increasing the likelihood of accidental, casual, and/orunintentional removal. For example, sellers of wheel assemblies 400could sell the same wheel assembly 400 to multiple types of buyers(e.g., residential buyers who are unlikely to need frequent removal andreattachment, commercial buyers who may frequently remove and reattachwheel assemblies (e.g., for transportation purposes), etc.).

In some embodiments, the retainer housing 450 may include a dummy, mock,or false tool passageway. For example, the tool passageway could besolid enough (e.g., more solid than a puncture skin) that a tool cannotgenerally access the retaining element 430. For another example, thetool passageway could be on a portion of the retainer housing where theretaining element 430 is not on the other side. A dummy tool passagewaymay inhibit or prevent removal by users of wheel assemblies includingonly tool passageways (e.g., without a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450), but allowing removal by users knowledgeable about thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450. In some embodiments, a dummytool passageway may allow a hub assembly or wheel assembly to maintainthe appearance of a hub assembly or wheel assembly including a toolpassageway. A dummy tool passageway could be used as a locator to aid inassembly (e.g., manual, semi-automated, and/or automated assembly).

FIG. 6A is a partial cross-sectional view of an example embodiment of anaxle assembly 800. In some embodiments, the axle assembly 800 includesan axle 700 including a groove 702 at each end and a hub assembly ateach end, which may be part of a wheel assembly. Although any of theembodiments of hub assemblies and wheel assemblies described herein, andmodifications thereof, can be used in the axle assembly 800, forillustration purposes, FIG. 6A illustrates one of the hub assembliesbeing a hub assembly 400 a including both a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 450 and a tool passageway 404 and the other hub assembly 400 bincluding only a tool passageway 404. For example, the axle assembly 800may include two hub assemblies 400 a including a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450. FIG. 6B is a partial cross-sectional view of theaxle assembly 800 of FIG. 6A after the hub assembly 400 a isdisconnected from the axle 700. In this illustration, a tab 456 on thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 was manipulated towards an axlebore 416 and a lifter 462 was leveraged upwards, pushing a retainingelement 430 away from the axle bore 416 and out of a groove 702 in theaxle 700. The axle 700 was then able to be removed from the axle bore416. The ability to remove the hub assembly using the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 450, for example without damaging the hub assembly(e.g., due to piercing of a puncture skin) may reduce the number and/orrate of returns to the manufacturer that were due to errors duringdistribution, which can reduce replacement and/or return costs and/orincrease customer satisfaction. FIG. 6C is a partial cross-sectionalview of the axle assembly 800 of FIG. 6A after the hub assembly 400 ahas been reattached to the hub 700. In some embodiments, the axle 700need only be reinserted into the axle bore 416 to reattach the hubassembly 400 a. In certain embodiments, an axle 700 has a chamfered end704 such that the retaining element 430 is transversely displacedrelative to the movement of the axle 700. In certain alternativeembodiments, the retaining element 430 is shaped (e.g., chamfered) suchthat it is transversely displaced relative to the movement of an axle700 (e.g., without a chamfered end). The ease of removal associated withthe hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 allows axle assemblies 800to be shipped as a unit, easily disassembled, and reassembled whenmounted to a cart or other device. Once mounted on the cart, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 may be partially or completelyhidden by the body of the cart, still inhibiting casual removal. Thismay reduce or eliminate improper ratios of axles to wheels whenshipping, without the added inconvenience of disassembly using only atool passageway. In some embodiments, only one hub assembly includes ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 for this purpose, which maylimit the costs of manufacturing the axle assembly (e.g., because a hubassembly without a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 450 may be lessexpensive than a hub assembly with a hand-maneuverable release mechanism450).

FIG. 7A is a top perspective view of still another example embodiment ofa hub assembly 900. FIG. 7B is a partial cross-sectional view of the hubassembly 900 of FIG. 7A along the line 7B-7B of FIG. 7A, with theretaining element 930, the biasing element 940, the restraining element938, and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 950 in elevationalview. The axial channel 926 only runs part of the length of the pinsleeve 932. The outer portion of the pin sleeve 932, for example aportion radially outward of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 950,is completely annular. In some embodiments in which thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 950 is on a side of the hub assembly900 opposite a wheel mounting sleeve 924 (e.g., as generally illustratedin FIG. 4), molding of the retainer housing 920 may include a straightcore pull, for example because the end wall 928 does not includefeatures that would impede a straight core pull. In some embodiments inwhich the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 950 is on the same side ofthe hub assembly 900 as a wheel mounting sleeve 924 (e.g., asillustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B), molding of the retainer housing 920 mayinclude an angled core pull, for example because features such as theannular rib 922 may impede a straight core pull. The pin sleeve 932,alone or in combination with the connector 952 at least partiallyoccluding the axial channel 926, may inhibit debris from entering theconduit 946 of the pin sleeve 932.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing the hub assembly 900comprises inserting the lifter 954 of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 950 into the conduit 946 of the pin sleeve 932 with the planeof the lifter 454 substantially aligned with the axial channel 926, andthen rotating the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 950 until theplane of the lifter 954 is substantially orthogonal to the pin sleeve932. In some embodiments, for example in which the elements include flatsurfaces and/or sharp angles, an audible or tactile snap may betriggered when the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 950 isappropriately rotated. A retaining element 930, a biasing element 940,and a restraining element 938 may then be inserted into the pin sleeve932.

FIG. 8A is a partial top perspective view of another example embodimentof a hub assembly 1000. The axial channel 1026 runs the length of thepin sleeve 1032 (e.g., as described with respect to the pin sleeve 432of the retainer housing 420). The hub assembly 1000 comprises arestraining element 1038 that includes a tail or protrusion 1080. FIG.8B is top perspective view of an example embodiment of a restrainingelement 1038. The tail 1080 is configured to at least partially occludethe axial channel 1026. In some embodiments, the tail runs substantiallythe entire length of the axial channel 1026. In certain suchembodiments, for example in embodiments in which the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1050 is configured to only be manipulated towards anaxle bore or radially inward, the tail 1080 may desirably inhibit orprevent the retaining element from being lifted away from an axle boreupon manipulation of the tab 1056 towards the axle bore or radiallyoutward, but to allow the retaining element to be lifted away from anaxle bore upon manipulation of the tab 1056 towards the axle bore.

The tail 1080, alone or in combination with the connector 1052 of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1050 at least partially occludingthe axial channel 1026, may inhibit debris from entering the conduit ofthe pin sleeve 1032. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing thehub assembly 1000 comprises aligning the tail 1080 with the axialchannel 1026. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing the hubassembly 1000 comprises coupling (e.g., welding, adhering) the tail 1080to the plug portion of the restraining element 1038 after therestraining element 1038 has been coupled to the pin sleeve 1032. Incertain such embodiments, the plug portion, the tail 1080, and the pinsleeve 1032 can be simultaneously welded together.

FIG. 9A is a top perspective view of a side of yet still another exampleembodiment of a hub assembly 1100 (e.g., an “outer” side when the hubassembly 1100 is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). FIG. 9B is atop perspective view of another side of the hub assembly 1100 of FIG. 9A(e.g., an “inner” side when the hub assembly 1100 is mounted to a cart100 via an axle 700). The hub assembly 1100 may comprise a retainerhousing 1120, a retaining element 1130 (FIGS. 9D and 9E), a biasingelement 1140 (FIGS. 9D and 9E), a restraining element 1138, ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150, and the like, for example asdescribed herein. The retainer housing 1120 may include a wheel mountingsleeve 1124 at least partially defining an axle bore 1116, a pin sleeve1132, a spacer 1148, a guiderail 1134, a plurality of raised projections1118, and the like, for example as described herein.

The retainer housing 1120 may include a plurality of raised projections1118. As discussed herein, the raised projections 1118 may increase thesurface area that makes contact with the wheel, aid in properorientation between the wheel and the retainer housing 1120, and/orallow for automated assembly. In some embodiments, one or more of theraised projections 1118 may include a cut-out 1170 to allow the tab 1156and/or the arm 1158 to be manipulated toward and/or away from the axlebore 1116. In some embodiments, a cutout of a raised projection 1118 caninhibit displacement of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150.For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, in reaction to a force on thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 from the side illustrated inFIG. 9A, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 would abut thecutout portion of the raised projection 1118, which can inhibit movementof the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 in the axis of the axlebore 1116. Other cutouts of raised projections 1118 and combinations arealso possible. In some embodiments, the connector 1152 (FIG. 9C) of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 is longer, or thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 includes other dimensions orconfigurations and the raised projections 1118 do not include a cut-out1170 because the tab 1156 and/or the arm 1158 can still be manipulatedtoward and/or away from the axle bore 1116. Although not illustrated inFIG. 9A, the retainer housing 1120 may comprise a tool passageway (e.g.,as described herein), for example as a backup in case of obstruction ofthe hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150, to disguise thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 from users knowledgeable abouttool passageways, and the like.

FIG. 9C is a top perspective view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150, which may be used incombination with the hub assembly 1100 in FIG. 9A. The hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1150 includes an arm or protrusion 1158, which may bemanipulated toward and/or away from an axle bore 1116 or radially inwardand/or outward, a tab 1156 connected to the arm 1158, which may provideincreased torque to the arm 1158, a lifter 1154, which can act on aretaining element 1130 (e.g., lifting a retaining element 1130 away fromthe axle bore 1116), and a connector 1152 connecting the tab 1156 andthe lifter 1154.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 may beaccessed and/or manipulated on the side of the hub assembly opposite theaxle bore 1116 (e.g., the “outer side” illustrated in FIG. 9A) by thearm 1158. The ability of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 tobe accessed and/or manipulated on the “outer side” of the hub assembly1100 may allow for the use of the hub assembly 1100 with existing wheelmolds (e.g., wheel molds not including cutouts (protrusions in a mold)specific to hub assemblies comprising a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism). In an assembled hub assembly 1100, the arm 1158 extendsthrough a slot 1160 in the retainer housing 1120. In some embodiments,the arm 1158 includes a projection (e.g., parallel to the end wall 1128)that at least partially covers or occludes the slot 1160 in the retainerhousing 1120. Such a projection may inhibit dirt and/or debris fromentering a conduit of the pin sleeve 1132, which could otherwiseinterfere with the operation of the components. In some embodiments, theprojection is coupled (e.g., fused, glued, welded, combinations thereof,and the like) to the arm 1158 after the arm 1158 protrudes through theslot 1160. In some embodiments, the projection can be decorative (e.g.,having the appearance of a flower, having an appearance similar to otherfeatures of the end wall 1128, etc.). In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 may be accessed and/ormanipulated on the same side of the hub assembly as the axle bore 1116(e.g., the “inner side” illustrated in FIG. 9B) by the arm 1158. In awheel assembly comprising certain such hub assemblies 1100, the arm 1158may extend through a cutout in the wheel.

In some embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1150 comprises plastic, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 isinjection molded. Plastic hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1150 maybe more versatile (e.g., more easily able to include multiple featuresthan could be stamped from a sheet of metal, more easily changed bychanging a mold and/or removing pieces, etc.), and/or less expensive toproduce than metal hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1150. In someembodiments, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 comprisingplastic includes certain buttressing features to improve durabilityand/or performance. For example, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism1150 may comprise a structural support member between the connector 1152and the lifter 1154, between the connector 1152 and the tab 1156,between the tab 1156 and the arm 1158, and the like. In someembodiments, buttressing features may influence changes in certain othercomponents of an associated hub assembly 1100 and/or wheel assembly(e.g., for clearance). In certain embodiments, the thickness of a lifter1154 comprising plastic may be greater than the thickness of a lifter1154 comprising metal, for example to inhibit the parts of the lifter1154 from bending or breaking upon interaction with a retaining element1130.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 may beinserted into the pin sleeve 1132 through a channel 1126 in the pinsleeve 1132 that is transverse or substantially transverse to thelongitudinal axis the pin sleeve 1132, even if a longitudinal dimensionis greater than a radial dimension (e.g., in contrast to the channels426, 926, 1026 described herein, which are illustrated as extendingsubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pin sleeve 432,932, 1032). The channel 1126 is displaced from openings to theenvironment such as the slot 1160, which may inhibit dirt and debrisfrom entering the pin sleeve 1132 that could otherwise interfere withoperation of the components.

In some embodiments, the side of the retainer housing 1120 facing awayfrom the axle bore 1116 (e.g., the end wall 1128 of the “outer side”illustrated in FIG. 9A) may include a plurality of mock or false releasemechanisms 1162 including indentations or apertures 1164, forming aprimarily ornamental design on the portion of the retainer housing 1120that would be visible to a user when the hub assembly 1100 is mounted toa cart 100 via an axle 700. The design created by the mock releasemechanisms 1162 may act to camouflage the release mechanism 1150,potentially detouring vandals and the like, while still providing usersaccess to the release mechanism 1150. Although illustrated as comprisingsix mock release mechanisms 1162, any number of mock release mechanisms1162 is possible as may be ornamentally desired. Other mock or falsefeatures are also possible, for example tool passageways. There may be atradeoff between the ornamentality of the mock or false features andother concerns such as manufacturing costs.

FIG. 9D is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly1100 of FIG. 9A along the line 9D-9D of FIG. 9B. The retainer housing1120 includes a pin sleeve 1132 at least partially housing some of theother components of the hub assembly 1100. A retaining element 1130 inthe pin sleeve 1132 is configured to operatively engage a groove 702(FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) in an axle 700 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C)inserted in the sleeve bore 1116. In some embodiments, the retainingelement 1130 comprises a pin. In certain embodiments, an axle 700 has achamfered end 704 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) such that the retainingelement 1130 is transversely displaced relative to the movement of theaxle 700. In certain embodiments, the retaining element 1130 is shaped(e.g., chamfered) such that it is transversely displaced relative to themovement of an axle 700 (e.g., without a chamfered end). In someembodiments, the retaining element 1130 is configured (e.g.,dimensioned) to reduce (e.g., decrease, minimize, prevent) rubbing ofthe sides of the groove 702 in the axle 700 by the sides of theretaining element 1130. In some embodiments, the retaining element 1130comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which is may be more resistantto damage from typical usage of a wheel assembly comprising the hubassembly 1100 than plastic. Metal may also be better suited to shockloading and vibration than plastic. Other materials (e.g., plastic) arealso possible. The retaining element 1130 optionally includes a lip1136. The optional lip 1136 and the lifter 1154 can interact to inhibitthe retaining element 1130 from exiting the pin sleeve 1132 into theaxle bore 1116. Other shapes and types of retaining elements 1130 arealso possible, including those that can aid in engaging the retainingelement 1130 with the biasing element 1140 and/or the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1150 (e.g., as described with respect to FIG. 5G).

A biasing element 1140 in the pin sleeve 1132 is configured to bias theretaining element 1130 towards the axle bore 1116. The biasing element1140 may comprise a coil spring (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 9D), aleaf spring, and the like. In some embodiments, the biasing element 1140comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which may be more resistant todamage from typical usage of a wheel assembly comprising the hubassembly 1100 than plastic, and which may be better suited to shockloading and vibration than plastic. Other materials (e.g., plastic) arealso possible. Other shapes and types of biasing elements 1140 are alsopossible. In certain embodiments, the retaining element 1130 and thebiasing element 1140 are disposed in a cartridge that can be disposed inthe pin sleeve 1132. The addition of layers such as a cartridge bodywould not depart from the invention disclosed herein. In someembodiments, the biasing element 1140 within the pin sleeve 1132 is in arelaxed position (e.g., the biasing element 1140 only applies force tothe retaining element 1130 and the restraining element 1138 upon beingcompressed). In certain embodiments, the biasing element 1140 within thepin sleeve 1132 is in a compressed state such that the biasing element1140 applies force to the retaining element 1130 and the restrainingelement 1138 regardless of the position of the retaining element 1130.The restraining element 1138 is stationary, but the retaining element1130 can move longitudinally within the pin sleeve 1132 and compress thebiasing element 1140.

In some embodiments, a restraining element 1138 is configured to inhibitthe retaining element 1130 and/or the biasing element 1140 from exitingthe pin sleeve 1132, at least prior to coupling the hub assembly 1100 toa wheel. The restraining element 1138 may comprise a plug, a threadedplug, a deformation in the pin sleeve 1132 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG.3F), a plurality of ledges extending radially into the pin sleeve 1132,a disc insertable in a slot in the pin sleeve 1132, and the like. Theomission of the restraining element 1138, for example so that thebiasing element 1140 would abut a wall of a wheel, would not depart fromthe invention disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150interacts with a retaining element 1130 via a lip 1136 of the retainingelement 1130. In certain embodiments, a lifter 1154 and/or anotherportion of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 is positionedunder a lip 1136 of a retaining element 1130. Other embodiments (e.g.,those discussed with respect to FIGS. 5A-5P) may also be used.

To detach the hub assembly 1100 from an axle 700, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1150 may be manipulated by pushing the arm 1158towards the other end of the slot 1160 (e.g., towards the axle bore orradially inward), which causes the tab 1156 to move towards the axlebore 1116 or radially inward and the lifter 1154 to move away from theaxle bore 1116 or radially outward. Manipulation of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 causes the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1150 to longitudinally displace the retaining element1130 at least partially out (e.g., entirely out) of the axle bore 1116,allowing an axle 700 to be removed from the axle bore 1116. In certainembodiments, a wheel mounting sleeve 1124 or other surface acts as abearing surface upon which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150pivots the lifter 1154 upward, lifting the retaining element 1130 out ofthe axle bore 1116. FIG. 9E is a side and partial cross-sectional viewof the hub assembly of FIG. 9A along the line 9D-9D of FIG. 9B with thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1150 in a release position (e.g., aposition in which an axle 700 may be removed from the axle bore 1116).

FIG. 10A is a top perspective view of a side of a further exampleembodiment of a hub assembly 1200 (e.g., an “outer” side when the hubassembly 1200 is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). FIG. 10B is atop perspective view of another side of the hub assembly 1200 of FIG.10A (e.g., an “inner” side when the hub assembly 1200 is mounted to acart 100 via an axle 700). The hub assembly 1200 may comprise a retainerhousing 1220, a retaining element 1230 (FIGS. 10D and 10E), a biasingelement 1240 (FIGS. 10D and 10E), a restraining element 1238, ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250, and the like, for example asdescribed herein. The retainer housing 1220 may include a wheel mountingsleeve 1224 at least partially defining an axle bore 1216, a pin sleeve1232, a spacer 1248, a guiderail 1234, a plurality of raised projections1218, and the like, for example as described herein.

The retainer housing 1220 may include a plurality of raised projections1218. As discussed herein, the raised projections 1218 may increase thesurface area that makes contact with the wheel, aid in properorientation between the wheel and the retainer housing 1220, and/orallow for automated assembly. In some embodiments, one or more of theraised projections 1218 may include a cut-out 1270 to allow thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 to be manipulated toward and/oraway from the axle bore 1216. In some embodiments (e.g., as illustratedin FIG. 9B), the raised projections 1118 only include a partial cutout1170, while in some embodiments (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 10B), thecutout 1270 extends all the way through the raised projection 1218. Insome embodiments, a complete cutout 1270 uses less material and/or mayinhibit interference and/or friction between the raised projection 1218and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 than partial cutoutssuch as the cutouts 1170. Other cutouts 1270 of raised projections 1218are also possible.

FIG. 10C is a top perspective view of an example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250, which may be used incombination with the hub assembly 1200 in FIG. 10A. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 includes an arm or protrusion1258, which may be manipulated toward and/or away from an axle bore 1216or radially inward and/or outward, a tab 1256 connected to the arm 1258,which may provide increased torque to the arm 1258, a lifter 1254, whichcan act on a retaining element 1230 (e.g., lifting a retaining element1230 away from the axle bore 1216), a connector 1252 connecting the tab1256 and the lifter 1254, and an optional rod 1266. In some embodiments,the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 may be accessed and/ormanipulated on the side of the hub assembly opposite the axle bore 1216(e.g., the “outer side” illustrated in FIG. 12A) by the arm 1258. Theability of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 to be accessedand/or manipulated on the “outer side” of the hub assembly 1200 mayallow for the use of the hub assembly 1200 with existing wheel molds(e.g., wheel molds not including cutouts (protrusions in a mold)specific to hub assemblies comprising a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism). In an assembled hub assembly 1200, the arm 1258 extendsthrough a slot 1260 in the retainer housing 1220. In some embodiments,the arm 1258 includes a projection (e.g., parallel to the end wall 1228)that at least partially covers or occludes the slot 1160 in the retainerhousing 1120. Such a projection may inhibit dirt and/or debris fromentering a conduit of the pin sleeve 1232, which could otherwiseinterfere with the operation of the components. In some embodiments, theprojection is coupled (e.g., fused, glued, welded, combinations thereof,and the like) to the arm 1258 after the arm 1258 protrudes through theslot 1260. In some embodiments, the projection can be decorative (e.g.,having the appearance of a flower, having an appearance similar to otherfeatures of the end wall 1228, etc.). In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 may be accessed and/ormanipulated on the same side of the hub assembly as the axle bore 1216(e.g., the “inner side” illustrated in FIG. 10B) by the arm 1258. In awheel assembly comprising certain such hub assemblies 1200, the arm 1258may extend through a cutout in the wheel.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250includes a rod 1266 configured to extend through a hole in the retainerhousing 1220 and that is visible on the side of the hub assembly 1200opposite the axle bore 1216 (e.g., the “outer side” illustrated in FIG.10A). The rod 1266 may also or alternatively rest on an edge of thechannel 1226 in the pin sleeve 1232 or a feature proximate to thechannel 1226. When the arm 1258 is manipulated downward, toward the axlebore 1216, the rod 1266 rotates counter-clockwise looking from the sideof FIG. 10B, causing the lifter 1254 to angle away from the axle bore1216, lifting the retaining element 1230 out of the axle bore 1216. Therod 1266 may increase the stability of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1250 and/or inhibit lateral movement of the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1250, while still allowing rotational movement to acton the lifter 1254 and release the retaining element 1230. In someembodiments, the appearance of the rod 1266 on the “outer side” of thehub assembly 1200 may look similar to a tool passageway and/or may serveto camouflage the presence of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1250. The presence of the rod 1266 on the “outer side” of the hubassembly may also contribute to a decorative or ornamental design on thehub assembly.

In some embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1250 comprises plastic, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 isinjection molded. Plastic hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1250 maybe more versatile (e.g., more easily able to include multiple featuresthan could be stamped from a sheet of metal, more easily changed bychanging a mold and/or removing pieces, etc.), and/or less expensive toproduce than metal hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1250. In someembodiments, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 comprisingplastic includes certain buttressing features to improve durabilityand/or performance. For example, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism1250 may comprise a structural support member between the connector 1252and the lifter 1254, between the connector 1252 and the tab 1256,between the tab 1256 and the arm 1258, and the like. In someembodiments, buttressing features may influence changes in certain othercomponents of an associated hub assembly 1200 and/or wheel assembly(e.g., for clearance). In certain embodiments, the thickness of a lifter1254 comprising plastic may be greater than the thickness of a lifter1254 comprising metal, for example to inhibit the parts of the lifter1254 from bending or breaking upon interaction with a retaining element1230.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 may beinserted into the pin sleeve 1232 through a channel 1226 in the pinsleeve 1232 that is transverse or substantially transverse to thelongitudinal axis of the pin sleeve 1232, even if a longitudinaldimension is greater than a radial dimension (e.g., in contrast to thechannels 426, 926, 1026 described herein, which are illustrated asextending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pinsleeve 432, 932, 1032). The channel 1226 is displaced from openings tothe environment such as the slot 1260, which may inhibit dirt and debrisfrom entering the pin sleeve 1232 that could otherwise interfere withoperation of the components. In some embodiments, the channel 1226 mayallow the use of less material for the pin sleeve 1232 than a pin sleevewith a longitudinal channel and/or may allow for easier manufacturing(e.g., during retraction of molds during forming the retainer housing1120) and/or assembly (e.g., mechanical coupling of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250, the retaining element 1230,and the retainer housing 1220).

In some embodiments, the side of the retainer housing 1220 facing awayfrom the axle bore 1216 (e.g., the end wall 1228 of the “outer side”illustrated in FIG. 10A) may include a plurality of mock or falserelease mechanisms including indentations or apertures, for example asdescribed herein with respect to FIG. 10A, and/or a plurality of mock orfalse release rods or protrusions, separately or together forming aprimarily ornamental design on the portion of the retainer housing 1220that would be visible to a user when the hub assembly 1200 is mounted toa cart 100 via an axle 700. The design created by the mock releasemechanisms and/or rods may act to camouflage the release mechanism 1250and/or rod 1266, potentially detouring vandals and the like, while stillproviding users access to the release mechanism 1250. Any number of mockrelease mechanisms and/or rods is possible as may be ornamentallydesired. There may be a tradeoff between the ornamentality of the mockor false features and other concerns such as manufacturing costs.

FIG. 10D is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the hub assembly1200 of FIG. 10A along the line 10D-10D of FIG. 10B. The retainerhousing 1220 includes a pin sleeve 1232 at least partially housing someof the other components of the hub assembly 1200. A retaining element1230 in the pin sleeve 1232 is configured to operatively engage a groove702 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) in an axle 700 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C)inserted in the sleeve bore 1216. In some embodiments, the retainingelement 1230 comprises a pin. In certain embodiments, an axle 700 has achamfered end 704 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) such that the retainingelement 1130 is transversely displaced relative to the movement of theaxle 700. In certain embodiments, the retaining element 1230 is shaped(e.g., chamfered) such that it is transversely displaced relative to themovement of an axle 700 (e.g., without a chamfered end). In someembodiments, the retaining element 1230 is configured (e.g.,dimensioned) to reduce (e.g., decrease, minimize, prevent) rubbing ofthe sides of the groove 702 in the axle 700 by the sides of theretaining element 1230. In some embodiments, the retaining element 1230comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which is may be more resistantto damage from typical usage of a wheel assembly comprising the hubassembly 1200 than plastic. Metal may also be better suited to shockloading and vibration than plastic. Other materials (e.g., plastic) arealso possible. The retaining element 1230 optionally includes a lip1236. The optional lip 1236 and the lifter 1254 can interact to inhibitthe retaining element 1230 from exiting the pin sleeve 1232 into theaxle bore 1216. Other shapes and types of retaining elements 1230 arealso possible, including those that can aid in engaging the retainingelement 1230 with the biasing element 1240 and/or the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1250 (e.g., as described with respect to FIG. 5G).

A biasing element 1240 in the pin sleeve 1232 is configured to bias theretaining element 1230 towards the axle bore 1216. The biasing element1240 may comprise a coil spring (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 10D), aleaf spring, and the like. In some embodiments, the biasing element 1240comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which may be more resistant todamage from typical usage of a wheel assembly comprising the hubassembly 1200 than plastic, and which may be better suited to shockloading and vibration than plastic. Other materials (e.g., plastic) arealso possible. Other shapes and types of biasing elements 1240 are alsopossible. In certain embodiments, the retaining element 1230 and thebiasing element 1240 are disposed in a cartridge that can be disposed inthe pin sleeve 1232. The addition of layers such as a cartridge bodywould not depart from the invention disclosed herein. In someembodiments, the biasing element 1240 within the pin sleeve 1232 is in arelaxed position (e.g., the biasing element 1240 only applies force tothe retaining element 1230 and the restraining element 1238 upon beingcompressed). In certain embodiments, the biasing element 1240 within thepin sleeve 1232 is in a compressed state such that the biasing element1240 applies force to the retaining element 1230 and the restrainingelement 1238 regardless of the position of the retaining element 1230.The restraining element 1238 is stationary, but the retaining element1230 can move longitudinally within the pin sleeve 1232 and compress thebiasing element 1240.

In some embodiments, a restraining element 1238 is configured to inhibitthe retaining element 1230 and/or the biasing element 1240 from exitingthe pin sleeve 1232, at least prior to coupling the hub assembly 1200 toa wheel. The restraining element 1238 may comprise a plug, a threadedplug, a deformation in the pin sleeve 1232 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG.3F), a plurality of ledges extending radially into the pin sleeve 1232,a disc insertable in a slot in the pin sleeve 1232, and the like. Theomission of the restraining element 1238, for example so that thebiasing element 1240 would abut a wall of a wheel, would not depart fromthe invention disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250interacts with a retaining element 1230 via a lip 1236 of the retainingelement 1230. In certain embodiments, a lifter 1254 and/or anotherportion of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 is positionedunder a lip 1236 of a retaining element 1230. Other embodiments (e.g.,those discussed with respect to FIGS. 5A-5P) may also be used.

To detach the hub assembly 1200 from an axle 700, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1250 may be manipulated by pushing the arm 1258towards the other end of the slot 1260 (e.g., towards the axle bore orradially inward), which causes the tab 1256 to move towards the axlebore 1216 or radially inward, the rod 1266 to rotate (e.g.,counter-clockwise looking from the side of FIG. 10B), and the lifter1254 to move away from the axle bore 1216 or radially outward.Manipulation of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 causes thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 to longitudinally displace theretaining element 1230 at least partially out (e.g., entirely out) ofthe axle bore 1216, allowing an axle 700 to be removed from the axlebore 1216. In certain embodiments, a surface of the retainer housing1220 acts as a bearing surface upon which the rod 1266 pivots the lifter1254 upward, lifting the retaining element 1230 out of the axle bore1116. FIG. 10E is a side and partial cross-sectional view of the hubassembly of FIG. 10A along the line 10D-10D of FIG. 10B with thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1250 in a release position (e.g., aposition in which an axle 700 may be removed from the axle bore 1216).

FIG. 11A is a top perspective view of a side of a still further exampleembodiment of a hub assembly 1300 (e.g., an “outer” side when the hubassembly 1300 is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). FIG. 11B is atop perspective view of another side of the hub assembly 1300 of FIG.11A (e.g., an “inner” side when the hub assembly 1300 is mounted to acart 100 via an axle 700). The hub assembly 1300 may comprise a retainerhousing 1320, a retaining element 1330 (FIGS. 11H and 11I), a biasingelement 1340 (FIGS. 11H and 11I), a restraining element 1338, ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350, and the like, for example asdescribed herein. The retainer housing 1320 may include a wheel mountingsleeve 1324 at least partially defining an axle bore 1316, a pin sleeve1332, a spacer 1348, a guiderail 1334, a plurality of raised projections1318, and the like, for example as described herein. Although notillustrated in FIG. 11A or 11E, the retainer housing 1320 may comprise atool passageway (e.g., as described herein), for example as a backup incase of obstruction of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350, todisguise the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 from usersknowledgeable about tool passageways, and the like.

FIG. 11C is a bottom perspective view of a side of another exampleembodiment of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350, which may beused in combination with the hub assembly 1300 in FIG. 11A (e.g., an“outer” side when the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 isinserted into the hub assembly 1300). FIG. 11D is a top perspective viewof another side of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 of FIG.11C (e.g., an “inner” side when the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1350 is inserted into the hub assembly 1300). The hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1350 includes an arm or protrusion 1358, which may bemanipulated toward an axle bore 1316, radially inward, and/or clockwiselooking from the side of FIG. 11A or 11C, a lifter 1354, which can acton a retaining element 1330 (e.g., lifting a retaining element 1330 awayfrom the axle bore 1316), and a connector or rod 1352 connecting the armor protrusion 1358 and the lifter 1354. The arm 1358 is connecteddirectly to the connector 1352, which may decrease the quantity ofmaterials used for production of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1350. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 may comprise plastic,metal, wood, rubber, combinations thereof, etc. The hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1350 may be integrally formed or may comprise aplurality of components coupled together.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 may beaccessed and/or manipulated on the side of the hub assembly opposite theaxle bore 1316 (e.g., the “outer side” illustrated in FIG. 11A) by thearm 1358. The ability of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 tobe accessed and/or manipulated on the “outer side” of the hub assembly1300 may allow for the use of the hub assembly 1300 with existing wheelmolds (e.g., wheel molds not including cutouts (protrusions in a mold)specific to hub assemblies comprising a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism). In an assembled hub assembly 1300, the connector 1352extends through a slot 1360 in the retainer housing 1320. The arm 1358may cover the slot 1360 of the retainer housing 1320, which may inhibitdirt and/or debris from entering a conduit of the pin sleeve 1332, whichcould otherwise interfere with the operation of the components. In someembodiments, the arm 1358 has a shape (e.g., triangular, trapezoidal, orfan-like) surface texture, varying thickness, combinations thereof, andthe like, that allows for easier user manipulation (e.g., ability togrip and/or move the arm 1358). In some embodiments, the side of the arm1358 facing the retainer housing 1320 includes a groove 1373. The groove1373 may allow for less material to be used in producing thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 than in a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1350 not including a groove 1373. In some embodiments,the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 may be accessed and/ormanipulated on the same side of the hub assembly as the axle bore 1316(e.g., the “inner side” illustrated in FIG. 11B) by the arm 1358. In awheel assembly comprising certain such hub assemblies 1300, the arm 1358may extend through a cutout in the wheel.

In some embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1350 comprises plastic, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 isinjection molded. Plastic hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1350 maybe more versatile (e.g., more easily able to include multiple featuresthan could be stamped from a sheet of metal, more easily changed bychanging a mold and/or removing pieces, etc.) and/or less expensive toproduce than metal hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1350. In someembodiments, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 comprisingplastic includes certain buttressing features to improve durabilityand/or performance. In some embodiments, buttressing features mayinfluence changes in certain other components of an associated hubassembly 1300 and/or wheel assembly (e.g., for clearance). In certainembodiments, the thickness of a lifter 1354 comprising plastic may begreater than the thickness of a lifter 1354 comprising metal, forexample to inhibit the parts of the lifter 1354 from bending or breakingupon interaction with a retaining element 1330.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 may beinserted into the pin sleeve 1332 through an axial channel 1326 in thepin sleeve 1332. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1350 may be oriented so that the lifter 1354 is parallel withthe pin sleeve 1332, inserted through the slot 1360 in the retainerhousing 1320, and then rotated through the channel 1326 in the pinsleeve 1332. Other methods of the hand-maneuverable release mechanismare also possible.

FIG. 11E is a bottom perspective view of an example embodiment of aretainer housing 1320. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11E, theside of the retainer housing 1320 facing away from the axle bore 1316includes a protrusion 1375. The protrusion 1375 may interact with thegroove 1373 in the arm 1358 to inhibit the movement of the arm 1358. Forexample, when the release mechanism 1350 is in a “locked position”(e.g., when the retaining element 1330 is protruding into the axle bore1316), the protrusion 1375 may inhibit the retaining element 1330 fromprotruding too far into the axle bore 1316 because rotation of the arm1358 is limited by interaction between the protrusion 1375 and the sidesof the groove 1373. When the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 isin a “release position” (e.g., when the retaining element 1330 is notprotruding into the axle bore 1316), the protrusion 1375 may inhibit theretaining element 1330 from protruding too far into the pin sleeve 1332(and, e.g., disengaging the lifter 1354) because rotation of the arm1358 is limited by interaction between the protrusion 1375 and the sidesof the groove 1373.

In some embodiments, the side of the retainer housing 1320 facing awayfrom the axle bore 1316 (e.g., the end wall 1328 of the “outer side”illustrated in FIGS. 11A and 11E) may include a plurality of mock orfalse release mechanisms 1362 forming a primarily ornamental design onthe portion of the retainer housing 1320 that would be visible to a userwhen the hub assembly 1300 is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700. Thedesign created by the mock release mechanisms 1362 may act to camouflagethe release mechanism 1350, potentially detouring vandals and the like,while still providing users access to the release mechanism 1350.Although illustrated as comprising six mock release mechanisms 1362, anynumber of mock release mechanisms 1362 is possible as may beornamentally desired. Other mock or false features are also possible,for example tool passageways. There may be a tradeoff between theornamentality of the mock or false features and other concerns such asmanufacturing costs.

FIG. 11F is a bottom perspective view of another example embodiment of aretainer housing 1320, which shows some optional changes versus theretainer housing 1320 of FIG. 11E, but which may still be used with thehub assembly 1300. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11F, the endwall 1328 of the retainer housing 1320 includes a protrusion 1375, whichmay interact with the groove 1373 in the arm 1358 to inhibit themovement of the arm 1358, for example as described herein with respectto FIG. 11E. The retainer housing 1320 also includes a slot or aperture1377 proximate to the peak side of the protrusion 1375. During couplingof the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350, a side of the groove1373 may at least partially compress the protrusion 1375 into the slot1377 and/or the slot 1377 may allow flexure of the protrusion 1375. Oncethe protrusion 1375 is in the groove 1373, the peak of the protrusion1375 can inhibit the arm 1358 from rotating clockwise (e.g., past theposition illustrated in FIG. 11I). In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.11F, the end wall 1328 of the retainer housing 1320 includes a stop orbarricade 1379, which may inhibit the arm 1358 from rotatingcounter-clockwise (e.g., past the position illustrated in FIG. 11H).Embodiments comprising neither, one, or both of the aperture 1377 andthe stop 1379 are also possible.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11F, the retainer housing 1320does not include a spacer 1348, but includes a guiderail 1334. In someembodiments, the retainer housing 1320 may include a spacer 1348 and nota guiderail 1334. The guiderail 1334 may be a recess configured tointeract with a protrusion in a wheel, may extend only part of thelength of the spacer 1348 and/or wheel mounting sleeve 1324, and othercombinations described herein. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.11F, the retainer housing 1320 does not include mock or false releasemechanisms, which may, for example reduce costs by reducing materialused for the retainer housing 1320 and/or may allow a user to applytheir own ornamental pattern.

FIGS. 11Gi-11Giii are perspective views of an example embodiment of atleast a portion of a method of assembling a hub assembly 1300. The hubassembly 1320 illustrated in FIGS. 11Gi-11Giii includes a stop 1379, butdoes not include a slot 1377. The end wall 1328 of the hub assembly 1320illustrated in FIGS. 11Gi-11Giii includes a plurality of mock releasemechanisms 1362, although the shapes of the arm 1358 and the mockrelease mechanisms 1362 are different than the shapes of the arm 1358and the mock release mechanisms 1362 illustrated in FIG. 11E. Manyshapes are possible, for function or for ornamentation. In FIG. 11Gi,the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 is almost inserted into theslot 1360. In the illustrated embodiment, a portion of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 fits into the slot 1360 like akey into a key-hole. Once the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350is inserted into the slot 1360, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1350 can rotate counter-clockwise, as illustrated in FIG. 11Gii. The arm1358 slides over the protrusion 1375 (e.g., by the arm 1358 flexingoutward and/or the protrusion 1375 flexing inward, which may beincreased by the addition of a slot 1377), and the protrusion 1375 fitsinto the groove 1373. In some embodiments, the retainer housing 1320does not include a protrusion 1375, and the arm 1358 is rotated withoutinitial resistance. After the action in FIG. 11Giii, the retainingelement 1330 is positioned in the pin sleeve 1332. Once the retainingelement 1330 is in place, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350may be inhibited from freely rotating. Although not illustrated, abiasing element 1340 may then be positioned in the pin sleeve 1332, anda restraining element 1338 then optionally may be positioned to at leastpartially occlude the pin sleeve 1332 and coupled to the retainerhousing 1320 (e.g., by ultrasonic welding, adhesive, threads, etc.).

FIG. 11H is a top perspective, partial cross-sectional, and partialcutaway view of the hub assembly of FIG. 11A along the line 11F-11F ofFIG. 11B. The retainer housing 1320 includes a pin sleeve 1332 at leastpartially housing some of the other components of the hub assembly 1300.A retaining element 1330 in the pin sleeve 1332 is configured tooperatively engage a groove 702 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) in an axle 700(FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) inserted in the sleeve bore 1316. In someembodiments, the retaining element 1330 comprises a pin. In certainembodiments, an axle 700 has a chamfered end 704 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and6A-6C) such that the retaining element 1130 is transversely displacedrelative to the movement of the axle 700. In certain embodiments, theretaining element 1330 is shaped (e.g., chamfered) such that it istransversely displaced relative to the movement of an axle 700 (e.g.,without a chamfered end). In some embodiments, the retaining element1330 is configured (e.g., dimensioned) to reduce (e.g., decrease,minimize, prevent) rubbing of the sides of the groove 702 in the axle700 by the sides of the retaining element 1330. In some embodiments, theretaining element 1330 comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which ismay be more resistant to damage from typical usage of a wheel assemblycomprising the hub assembly 1300 than plastic. Metal may also be bettersuited to shock loading and vibration than plastic. Other materials(e.g., plastic) are also possible. The retaining element 1330 optionallyincludes a lip 1336. The optional lip 1336 and the lifter 1354 caninteract to inhibit the retaining element 1330 from exiting the pinsleeve 1332 into the axle bore 1316. Other shapes and types of retainingelements 1330 are also possible, including those that can aid inengaging the retaining element 1330 with the biasing element 1340 and/orthe hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 (e.g., as described withrespect to FIG. 5G).

A biasing element 1340 in the pin sleeve 1332 is configured to bias theretaining element 1330 towards the axle bore 1316. The biasing element1340 may comprise a coil spring (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 11H and11I), a leaf spring, and the like. In some embodiments, the biasingelement 1340 comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which is may bemore resistant to damage from typical usage of a wheel assemblycomprising the hub assembly 1300 than plastic, and which may be bettersuited to shock loading and vibration than plastic. Other materials(e.g., plastic) are also possible. Other shapes and types of biasingelements 1340 are also possible. In certain embodiments, the retainingelement 1330 and the biasing element 1340 are disposed in a cartridgethat can be disposed in the pin sleeve 1332. The addition of layers suchas a cartridge body would not depart from the invention disclosedherein. In some embodiments, the biasing element 1340 within the pinsleeve 1332 is in a relaxed position (e.g., the biasing element 1340only applies force to the retaining element 1330 and the restrainingelement 1338 upon being compressed). In certain embodiments, the biasingelement 1340 within the pin sleeve 1332 is in a compressed state suchthat the biasing element 1340 applies force to the retaining element1330 and the restraining element 1338 regardless of the position of theretaining element 1330. The restraining element 1338 is stationary, butthe retaining element 1330 can move longitudinally within the pin sleeve1332 and compress the biasing element 1340.

In some embodiments, a restraining element 1338 is configured to inhibitthe retaining element 1330 and/or the biasing element 1340 from exitingthe pin sleeve 1332, at least prior to coupling the hub assembly 1300 toa wheel. The restraining element 1338 may comprise a plug, a threadedplug, a deformation in the pin sleeve 1332 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG.3F), a plurality of ledges extending radially into the pin sleeve 1332,a disc insertable in a slot in the pin sleeve 1332, and the like. Theomission of the restraining element 1338, for example so that thebiasing element 1340 would abut a wall of a wheel, would not depart fromthe invention disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350interacts with a retaining element 1330 via a lip 1336 of the retainingelement 1330. In certain embodiments, a lifter 1354 and/or anotherportion of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 is positionedunder a lip 1336 of a retaining element 1330. Other embodiments (e.g.,those discussed with respect to FIGS. 5A-5P) may also be used.

To detach the hub assembly 1300 from an axle 700, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1350 may be manipulated by pushing the arm 1358towards the axle bore 1316 (e.g., clockwise looking from the side ofFIG. 11A, towards the axle bore 1316, or radially inwardly) such thatthe protrusion 1375 abuts the other end of the groove 1373, which causesthe rod 1266 to rotate (e.g., counter-clockwise looking from the side ofFIG. 13B), and the lifter 1354 to angle away from the axle bore 1316 orradially outward. Manipulation of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1350 causes the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1350 tolongitudinally displace the retaining element 1330 at least partiallyout (e.g., entirely out) of the axle bore 1316, allowing an axle 700 tobe removed from the axle bore 1316. FIG. 11I is a top perspective,partial cross-sectional, and partial cutaway view of the hub assembly ofFIG. 11A along the line 11F-11F of FIG. 11B with the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1350 in a release position (e.g., a position in whichan axle 700 may be removed from the axle bore 1316).

FIG. 12A is a top perspective view of a side of a yet further exampleembodiment of a hub assembly 1400 (e.g., an “outer” side when the hubassembly 1400 is mounted to a cart 100 via an axle 700). FIG. 12B is atop perspective view of another side of the hub assembly 1400 of FIG.12A (e.g., an “inner” side when the hub assembly 1400 is mounted to acart 100 via an axle 700). The hub assembly 1400 may comprise a retainerhousing 1420, a retaining element 1430 (FIGS. 12E-12G), a biasingelement 1440 (FIGS. 12F and 12G), a restraining element 1438, ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450, and the like, for example asdescribed herein. The retainer housing 1420 may include a wheel mountingsleeve 1424 at least partially defining an axle bore 1416, a pin sleeve1432, a lifting projection 1490, a spacer 1448, a guiderail 1434, aplurality of raised projections 1418, and the like, for example asdescribed herein.

The lifting projection 1490 in FIG. 12B may be rounded or arcuate inshape. As discussed herein, the lifting projection 1490 remainsstationary when the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 rotates.Due to the design of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450discussed herein, the lifting projection 1490 causes thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 to move away from the axle bore1416 or radially outward. The rise of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1450 causes the retaining element 1430 to move away from theaxle bore 1416 or radially outward.

FIG. 12C is a bottom perspective view of another example embodiment of ahand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450, which may be used incombination with the hub assembly 1400 in FIG. 12A. FIG. 12D is a topperspective view of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 of FIG.12C. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 includes an arm orprotrusion 1458, which may be manipulated diagonally upward or radiallyoutward, a lifter 1454, which can act on a retaining element 1430 (e.g.,lifting a retaining element 1430 away from the axle bore 1416), a body1452, and an angular or ramped portion 1492. The angular or rampedportion 1492 extends from the body 1452 of the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1450. When the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 isrotated (e.g., in a clockwise manner looking through the pin sleeve1432), the ramped portion 1492 interacts with the projection 1490 of theretainer housing 1420 to cause the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1450 to move away from the axle bore 1416 or radially outward. Thelifter 1454 acts on the retaining element 1430 such that the retainingelement 1430 also moves away from the axle bore or radially outward. Insome embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 includesone ramped portion 1492 and the retainer housing 1420 includes oneprojection 1490, for example to reduce materials and/or manufacturingcomplexity. In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1450 includes a plurality of ramped portions 1492 and 1493 and theretainer housing 1420 includes a plurality of projections 1490, forexample to even out the forces across the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1450. The body may include an upper lip 1494 that connects thearm 1458 to the body 1452. FIG. 12E is a cross-sectional view of aretaining element 1430 and the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450along the line 12E-12E of FIG. 12D. FIG. 12E illustrates an exampleinteraction between the retaining element 1430 and/or a lip 1436 thereonand the lifter 1492. The hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 maycomprise plastic, metal, wood, rubber, combinations thereof, etc. Thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 may be integrally formed or maycomprise a plurality of components coupled together.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 may beaccessed and/or manipulated on the side of the hub assembly opposite theaxle bore 1416 (e.g., the “outer side” illustrated in FIG. 12A) by thearm 1458. The ability of a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 tobe accessed and/or manipulated on the “outer side” of the hub assembly1400 may allow for the use of the hub assembly 1400 with existing wheelmolds (e.g., wheel molds not including cutouts (protrusions in a mold)specific to hub assemblies comprising a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism). In an assembled hub assembly 1400, the arm 1458 extendsthrough a slot 1460 in the retainer housing 1420. In some embodiments,the arm 1458 includes a projection (e.g., parallel to the end wall 1428)that at least partially covers or occludes the slot 1460 in the retainerhousing 1420. Such a projection may inhibit dirt and/or debris fromentering a conduit of the pin sleeve 1432, which could otherwiseinterfere with the operation of the components. In some embodiments, thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 may be accessed and/ormanipulated on the same side of the hub assembly as the axle bore 1416(e.g., the “inner side” illustrated in FIG. 12B) by the arm 1458. In awheel assembly comprising certain such hub assemblies 1400, the arm 1458may extend through a cutout in the wheel.

In some embodiments in which the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1450 comprises plastic, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 isinjection molded. Plastic hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1450 maybe more versatile (e.g., more easily able to include multiple featuresthan could be stamped from a sheet of metal, more easily changed bychanging a mold and/or removing pieces, etc.) and/or less expensive toproduce than metal hand-maneuverable release mechanisms 1450. In someembodiments, a hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 comprisingplastic includes certain buttressing features to improve durabilityand/or performance. In some embodiments, buttressing features mayinfluence changes in certain other components of an associated hubassembly 1400 and/or wheel assembly (e.g., for clearance). In certainembodiments, the thickness of a lifter 1454 and/or the angled or rampedportion 1492 comprising plastic may be greater than the thickness of alifter 1454 and/or the angled or ramped portion 1492 comprising metal,for example to inhibit the parts of the lifter 1454 from bending orbreaking upon interaction with a retaining element 1430.

Referring again to FIG. 12B, in some embodiments, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1450 may be inserted into the pin sleeve 1432 througha channel 1426 in the pin sleeve 1432 that is transverse orsubstantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the pin sleeve1432, even if a longitudinal dimension is greater than a radialdimension (e.g., in contrast to the channels 426, 926, 1026 describedherein, which are illustrated as extending substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the pin sleeve 432, 932, 1032).

FIG. 12F is a side perspective and partial cross-sectional view of thehub assembly 1400 of FIG. 12A along the line 12F-12F of FIG. 12B. Theretainer housing 1420 includes a pin sleeve 1432 at least partiallyhousing some of the other components of the hub assembly 1400. Aretaining element 1430 in the pin sleeve 1432 is configured tooperatively engage a groove 702 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) in an axle 700(FIGS. 1, 3B, and 6A-6C) inserted in the sleeve bore 1416. In someembodiments, the retaining element 1430 comprises a pin. In certainembodiments, an axle 700 has a chamfered end 704 (FIGS. 1, 3B, and6A-6C) such that the retaining element 1130 is transversely displacedrelative to the movement of the axle 700. In certain embodiments, theretaining element 1430 is shaped (e.g., chamfered) such that it istransversely displaced relative to the movement of an axle 700 (e.g.,without a chamfered end). In some embodiments, the retaining element1430 is configured (e.g., dimensioned) to reduce (e.g., decrease,minimize, prevent) rubbing of the sides of the groove 702 in the axle700 by the sides of the retaining element 1430. In some embodiments, theretaining element 1430 comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which ismay be more resistant to damage from typical usage of a wheel assemblycomprising the hub assembly 1400 than plastic. Metal may also be bettersuited to shock loading and vibration than plastic. Other materials(e.g., plastic) are also possible. The lip 1436 of the retaining element1430, the lifter 1454, and/or the angled or ramped projection 1492 ofthe hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 can interact to inhibit theretaining element 1430 from exiting the pin sleeve 1432 into the axlebore 1416. Other shapes and types of retaining elements 1430 are alsopossible, including those that can aid in engaging the retaining element1430 with the biasing element 1440 and/or the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1450 (e.g., as described with respect to FIG. 5G).

A biasing element 1440 in the pin sleeve 1432 is configured to bias theretaining element 1430 towards the axle bore 1416. The biasing element1440 may comprise a coil spring (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 12F and12G), a leaf spring, and the like. In some embodiments, the biasingelement 1440 comprises metal (e.g., stainless steel), which is may bemore resistant to damage from typical usage of a wheel assemblycomprising the hub assembly 1400 than plastic, and which may be bettersuited to shock loading and vibration than plastic. Other materials(e.g., plastic) are also possible. Other shapes and types of biasingelements 1440 are also possible. In certain embodiments, the retainingelement 1430 and the biasing element 1440 are disposed in a cartridgethat can be disposed in the pin sleeve 1432. The addition of layers suchas a cartridge body would not depart from the invention disclosedherein. In some embodiments, the biasing element 1440 within the pinsleeve 1432 is in a relaxed position (e.g., the biasing element 1440only applies force to the retaining element 1430 and the restrainingelement 1438 upon being compressed). In certain embodiments, the biasingelement 1440 within the pin sleeve 1432 is in a compressed state suchthat the biasing element 1440 applies force to the retaining element1430 and the restraining element 1438 regardless of the position of theretaining element 1430. The restraining element 1438 is stationary, butthe retaining element 1430 can move longitudinally within the pin sleeve1432 and compress the biasing element 1440.

In some embodiments, a restraining element 1438 is configured to inhibitthe retaining element 1430 and/or the biasing element 1440 from exitingthe pin sleeve 1432, at least prior to coupling the hub assembly 1400 toa wheel. The restraining element 1438 may comprise a plug, a threadedplug, a deformation in the pin sleeve 1432 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG.3F), a plurality of ledges extending radially into the pin sleeve 1432,a disc insertable in a slot in the pin sleeve 1432, and the like. Theomission of the restraining element 1438, for example so that thebiasing element 1440 would abut a wall of a wheel, would not depart fromthe invention disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450interacts with a retaining element 1430 via a lip 1436 of the retainingelement 1430. In certain embodiments, a lifter 1454 of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 is positioned under a lip 1436of a retaining element 1430. Other embodiments (e.g., those discussedwith respect to FIGS. 5A-5P) may also be used.

To detach the hub assembly 1400 from an axle 700, the hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism 1450 may be rotated (e.g., clockwise looking throughthe pin sleeve 1432) by pushing the arm 1458 diagonally upward and tothe left (e.g., from the side and orientation of FIG. 12A), away fromthe axle bore 1416, or radially outward, which causes the ramped portion1492 to interact with the lifting projection 1490 to translate lateralmovement of the arm and/or rotational movement of the body 1452 intolongitudinal movement of the lifter 1454 away from the axle bore.Manipulation of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 causes thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 to longitudinally displace theretaining element 1430 at least partly out (e.g., entirely out) of theaxle bore 1416. FIG. 12G is a side perspective and partialcross-sectional view of the hub assembly 1400 of FIG. 12A along the line12F-12F of FIG. 12B with the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 ina release position (e.g., a position in which an axle 700 may be removedfrom the axle bore 1416). In some embodiments, rotation of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 is at least partially limitedby interaction between the arm 1458 and the sides of the slot 1460. Insome embodiments, rotation of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism1450 is at least partially limited by interaction between the upper lip1494 and the pin sleeve 1432 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 12G). In someembodiments, rotation the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 itlimited by interaction between a projection or stopping surface on thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 and/or the retainer housing1420.

FIG. 12H is a top perspective and partially exploded view of anotherexample embodiment of a hub assembly 1400. In the embodiment illustratedin FIG. 12H, the hub assembly comprises a cover or façade 1470. Thecover 1470 may inhibit dirt and/or debris from entering the pin sleeve1432 through the slot 1460, which could otherwise interfere withoperation of the components of the hub assembly 1400. In someembodiments, the cover 1470 is hand-removable, for example so thatoperation of the hand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 is entirelypossible without a tool (e.g., no tool is first used to remove the cover1470). FIG. 12H illustrates an example of a hand-removable cover 1470,which includes hooks 1472 configured to interact with slots 1474 in theretainer housing 1420. Other mechanisms for attachment and removal ofthe cover 1470 are also possible. In some embodiments, operation of thehand-maneuverable release mechanism 1450 is possible without a toolbefore a cover 1470 is placed over the hand-maneuverable releasemechanism 1450, for example after a wheel assembly comprising the hubassembly 1400 is coupled to an axle 700 after distribution. Covers arealso possible for the other embodiments of hub assemblies describedherein.

In some embodiments, a plurality of hand-maneuverable release mechanismsmay be used on the same hub assembly. For example, a hub assembly maycomprise a first hand-maneuverable release mechanism (e.g., as describedherein) configured to engage an axle at a first circumferential positionand a second hand-maneuverable release mechanism (e.g., as describedherein) configured to engage the axle at a second circumferentialposition circumferentially spaced from the first circumferentialposition. The first and second circumferential positions may be about90° apart, about 180° apart, or any other spacing suitable for theapplication. In some embodiments, releasing the hub assembly from theaxle comprises manipulating both the first and second hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism so that the pins associated therewith are retracted atthe same time, for example due to at least partially simultaneousaction. More than two hand-maneuverable release mechanisms are alsopossible (e.g., three hand-maneuverable release mechanismscircumferentially spaced by about 120°, etc.). The plurality ofhand-maneuverable release mechanisms may each be the same or different.For example, a first hand-maneuverable release mechanisms may be a firsttype of first hand-maneuverable release mechanism (e.g., pull up, pushdown, swipe, on inside of wheel, on outside of wheel, or any of theembodiments described herein or modifications thereof) and a secondhand-maneuverable release mechanisms may be a second type ofhand-maneuverable release mechanism (e.g., pull up, push down, swipe, oninside of wheel, on outside of wheel, or any of the embodimentsdescribed herein or modifications thereof). A plurality ofhand-maneuverable release mechanisms may prevent accidental wheelremoval, which may be particularly important, for example, when thewheel is part of a child's toy. Varying the type and/or position of thehand-maneuverable release mechanisms on the same wheel may enhance thisadvantage, for example because the user would need to know or figure outhow to operate two release mechanisms, and to do so at least partiallysimultaneously such that the both pins are retracted to allow wheelremoval.

In some embodiments, the hub assembly and wheel described herein may bea single integrated component. For example, referring again to FIG. 2C,rather than the retainer housing 208 and the wheel 202 being separatepieces, the retainer housing 208 and the wheel 202 may be a singleintegral piece. In certain such integrated embodiments, the featuresdescribed herein may be modified to accommodate integration. Forexample, the pin sleeve may extend through the portion of the wheelshown covering the restraining element such that the restraining elementis couplable to the integrated wheel. For another example, the pinsleeve may extend substantially across a radius of the wheel, and therestraining element may be coupled to the integrated wheel proximate toa perimeter or circumference of the wheel (e.g., by sonic welding,adhesion, threads, etc.). In certain such embodiments, the restrainingelement may be secured by a different tread material (e.g., bymulti-shot molding, by stretching a separate tread piece around thewheel, etc.). In some embodiments, a different tread material can itselfact as the restraining element (e.g., by holding down the biasingelement during multi-shot molding, by stretching a separate tread piecearound the wheel, etc.). In certain such embodiments, an elongate spacersuch as a rod or hollow straw may extend at least partially through thepin sleeve between the restraining element and the biasing element. Insome embodiments, the restraining element may comprise the elongatespacer. For yet another example, surface features such as the annularrib 422, the sleeve bore 212, etc. that configured to couple theretainer housing to the wheel may be modified or omitted. For stillanother example, certain modifications to the integrated retainerhousing and wheel such as cutouts may be formed for assembly and/oroperation of locking components such as hand-maneuverable releasemechanisms.

Some removable wheel assemblies include a wheel fork or other appendagethat is separate from the wheel, and include a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism in the appendage. Such wheel assemblies do not include, forexample, a hub assembly including a retaining element configured tooperatively engage a groove in an axle. Rather, the axle is integratedinto the wheel assembly and is engaged on each side by the wheel fork.Wheel forks are generally used in applications in which frequent wheelrotation orthogonal to the direction that the wheel spins may be desired(e.g., chairs, shopping carts, baby strollers, etc.), but can add costand complexity. Some other removable wheel assemblies include anintegrated grooved axle (e.g., non-removably affixed at the center ofthe wheel assembly) or other grooved protrusion, and include the deviceto which the wheel assembly is attached includes a hand-maneuverablerelease mechanism. Such wheel assemblies do not include ahand-maneuverable release mechanism because it is the device thatincludes the hand-maneuverable release mechanism. An integrated axle maylimit the number of devices with which a wheel assembly is compatible,for example because the integrated axle needs to properly fit into theparticular device. The hub assemblies and wheel assemblies describedherein can reduce cost and/or complexity by integrating ahand-maneuverable release mechanism into the hub assembly, which forexample includes a retaining element configured to operatively engage agroove in a non-integrated axle.

CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS

1. A hub assembly comprising:

-   -   a retainer housing including:        -   an axle sleeve including an axle bore configured to receive            an axle; and        -   a pin sleeve including a first end, a second end, and a            conduit between the first end and the second end, the first            end in fluid communication with the axle bore;    -   a retaining element within the conduit of the pin sleeve, the        retaining element configured to operatively engage a groove in        an axle;    -   a biasing element within the conduit of the pin sleeve and        configured to bias the retaining element towards the axle bore;        and    -   a hand-maneuverable release mechanism configured to displace the        retaining element away from the axle bore.

2. The hub assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein the release mechanism is ona same side of the hub assembly as the axle bore.

3. The hub assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein the release mechanism is onan opposite side of the hub assembly from the axle bore.

4. The hub assembly of Embodiment 3, wherein the retainer housingincludes an end wall including a stop.

5. The hub assembly of Embodiment 3 or 4, wherein the retainer housingincludes a protrusion configured to interact with a groove in thehand-maneuverable release mechanism.

6. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 3-5, further comprising acover coupled to the retainer housing.

7. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-6, wherein the retainerhousing includes an end wall including plurality of false releasemechanisms.

8. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-7, wherein the releasemechanism includes:

-   -   a tab configured to be manipulated by a hand of a user; and    -   a lifter configured to interact with the retaining element, the        lifter connected to the tab, wherein movement of the tab is        configured to cause movement of the lifter.

9. The hub assembly of Embodiment 8, wherein the release mechanismfurther comprises a connector coupled to the tab and coupled to thelifter.

10. The hub assembly of Embodiment 9, wherein the connector issubstantially orthogonal to the tab and to the lifter.

11. The hub assembly of Embodiment 9, wherein the connector issubstantially non-orthogonal to the tab and to the lifter.

12. The hub assembly of Embodiment 11, wherein the connector isconnected to at least one of the tab and the lifter at an obtuse angle.

13. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-12, wherein the releasemechanism further comprises a guide arm coupled to the tab.

14. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-13, wherein the lifter isat least partially in an aperture in the retaining element.

15. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-13, wherein the lifterincludes an arcuate member at least partially surrounding the retainingelement.

16. The hub assembly of Embodiment 15, wherein the arcuate membertotally surrounds the retaining element.

17. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-13, wherein the lifterincludes a fork including a prong on at least one side of the retainingelement.

18. The hub assembly of Embodiment 17, wherein the fork includes prongson two sides of the retaining element.

19. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-18, wherein the tabincludes a weakened portion.

20. The hub assembly of Embodiment 19, wherein the tab is configured tobend along the weakened portion.

21. The hub assembly of Embodiment 19 or 20, wherein the tab isconfigured to break along the weakened portion.

22. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-21, wherein the lifter issubstantially parallel to the axle bore.

23. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-21, wherein the lifter issubstantially orthogonal to the axle bore.

24. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-13, wherein the lifter atleast partially covers a portion of the retaining element.

25. The hub assembly of Embodiment 14, wherein the retaining elementcomprises a lip and wherein the portion of the retaining elementcomprises the lip.

26. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-15, wherein the liftercompletely covers the retaining element.

27. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 13-15, wherein the tab issubstantially orthogonal to the retaining element.

28. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 13-15, wherein the tab issubstantially non-orthogonal to the retaining element.

29. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-17, wherein the releasemechanism further comprises an arm coupled to the tab.

30. The hub assembly of Embodiment 29, wherein the release mechanismfurther comprises a projection coupled to the tab.

31. The hub assembly of Embodiment 30, wherein the projection includes agroove configured to interact with a projection extending from theretainer housing.

32. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 29-31, wherein the arm is onthe opposite side of the retainer housing from the axle bore.

33. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 29-31, wherein the arm is onthe opposite side of the retainer housing from the axle bore.

34. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 8-31, wherein the releasemechanism is integrated with the retaining element in ahand-maneuverable retaining element.

35. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-7, wherein the releasemechanism includes:

-   -   a body;    -   an arm extending outwardly from the body;    -   a ramped portion extending downward from the body; and    -   a lifter extending inwardly from the body.

36. The hub assembly of Embodiment 35, wherein the retainer housingincludes a lifting projection configured to interact with the rampedportion.

37. The hub assembly of Embodiment 36, wherein upon movement of the arm,the ramped portion interacts with the lifting projection to translatethe movement of the arm into longitudinal movement of the lifter awayfrom the axle bore.

38. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-37, wherein the releasemechanism is configured to displace the retaining element uponmanipulation of a tab away from the axle bore.

39. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-38, wherein the releasemechanism is configured to displace the retaining element uponmanipulation of a tab towards the axle bore.

40. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-39, wherein the releasemechanism comprises metal.

41. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-40, wherein the releasemechanism comprises plastic.

42. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-41, wherein the releasemechanism comprises buttressing features.

43. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-42, wherein the retainerhousing includes a bearing surface configured to increase leveragebetween the release mechanism and the retaining element.

44. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-43, wherein the retainerhousing includes a tool passageway.

45. The hub assembly of Embodiment 44, wherein the retainer housingincludes a tamper-evident membrane covering the tool passageway.

46. The hub assembly of Embodiment 44 or 45, wherein the tool passagewayis on an opposite side of the hub assembly from the release mechanism.

47. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-46, wherein the retainingelement includes a lip configured to interact with the releasemechanism.

48. The hub assembly of Embodiment 47, wherein the first end of the pinsleeve includes a shoulder extending into the conduit and wherein thelip is wider than the shoulder.

49. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-48, further comprising arestraining element configured to inhibit at least one of the retainingelement and the biasing element from exiting the second end of the pinsleeve.

50. The hub assembly of Embodiment 49, wherein the restraining elementconfigured includes a tail configured to at least partially occlude achannel in the pin sleeve.

51. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-50, wherein the retainerhousing includes a spacer configured to space the hub assembly from acart body.

52. The hub assembly of Embodiment 51, wherein the spacer comprises aguiderail.

53. The hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-52, wherein the axle sleevecomprises a guiderail.

54. A hub assembly comprising:

-   -   a retaining element configured to operatively engage a groove in        an axle;    -   a hand-maneuverable release mechanism configured to displace the        retaining element away from the groove in an axle; and    -   a tool passageway configured to permit tooled access to the        retaining element.

55. A conveyance comprising the hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-54.

56. A wheel assembly comprising:

-   -   a wheel; and    -   the hub assembly of any of Embodiments 1-54 inserted in the        wheel.

57. The wheel assembly of Embodiment 56, wherein the release mechanismis at least partially obscured by the wheel.

58. The wheel assembly of Embodiment 56 or 57, wherein the biasingelement abuts a portion of the wheel.

59. A conveyance comprising the wheel assembly of any of Embodiments56-58.

60. The conveyance of Embodiment 59, wherein the release mechanism ismodifiable to inhibit manipulation upon coupling to the conveyance.

61. An axle assembly comprising:

-   -   an axle;    -   the wheel assembly of any of Embodiments 56-58 coupled to the        axle;    -   a second wheel assembly coupled to the axle, the second wheel        assembly comprising:        -   a wheel; and        -   a hub assembly including:            -   a retainer housing including:                -   an axle sleeve including an axle bore configured to                    receive an axle; and                -   a pin sleeve including a first end, a second end,                    and a conduit between the first end and the second                    end, the first end in fluid communication with the                    axle bore;            -   a retaining element within the conduit of the pin                sleeve, the retaining element configured to operatively                engage a groove in an axle; and            -   a biasing element within the conduit of the pin sleeve                and configured to bias the retaining element towards the                axle bore

62. The axle assembly of Embodiment 61, wherein the retainer housing ofthe second wheel assembly includes a tool passageway.

63. A conveyance comprising the axle assembly of Embodiment 61 or 62.

64. The conveyance of any of Embodiments 59, 60, and 63, wherein theconveyance is a refuse cart.

65. A method of manufacturing a hub assembly, the method comprising:

-   -   providing a retainer housing including:        -   an axle sleeve including an axle bore configured to receive            an axle; and        -   a pin sleeve including a first end, a second end, and a            conduit between the first end and the second end, the first            end in fluid communication with the axle bore, the first end            including a shoulder extending into the conduit;    -   at least partially inserting a hand-maneuverable release        mechanism in the pin sleeve;    -   positioning a retaining member in the pin sleeve, the retaining        element configured to secure a wheel on an axle by operatively        engaging a groove in the axle; and    -   positioning a biasing element in the pin sleeve, the biasing        element configured to bias the retaining member towards the axle        bore.

66. The method of Embodiment 65, wherein at least partially insertingthe release mechanism in the pin sleeve comprises sliding a portion ofthe release mechanism along a channel in the pin sleeve.

67. The method of Embodiment 65, wherein at least partially insertingthe release mechanism in the pin sleeve comprises:

-   -   inserting a portion of the release mechanism in channel in the        pin sleeve; and    -   rotating the release mechanism.

68. The method of any of Embodiments 65-67, wherein positioning theretaining member in the pin sleeve is after at least partially insertingthe release mechanism in the pin sleeve.

69. The method of any of Embodiments 65-68, further comprising formingthe retainer housing.

70. The method of any of Embodiments 65-69, further comprising occludingthe second end of the pin sleeve.

71. The method of any of Embodiments 65-70, further comprising couplingthe hub assembly to a wheel to form a wheel assembly.

72. The method of Embodiment 71, further comprising forming the wheel.

73. The method of any of Embodiments 65-72, further comprising couplingthe wheel assembly to a conveyance.

74. The method of any of Embodiments 65-72, further comprising couplingthe wheel assembly to an axle.

75. The method of Embodiment 74, further comprising coupling a secondwheel assembly to the axle.

76. The method of Embodiment 74 or 75, further comprising removing thewheel assembly from the axle.

77. The method of Embodiment 76, further comprising re-coupling thewheel assembly to the axle.

78. A method of removing a hub assembly from an axle, the methodcomprising:

-   -   manually manipulating a tab of a release mechanism to cause a        retaining member to at least partially extend out of an axle        bore of a retainer housing.

79. The method of Embodiment 78, wherein manipulating the tab includesmoving the tab radially outward.

80. The method of Embodiment 78, wherein manipulating the tab includesmoving the tab radially inward.

81. The method of Embodiment 78, wherein manipulating the tab includesrotating the tab.

82. The method of Embodiment 81, wherein rotating the tab is in a planesubstantially orthogonal to the axle bore.

Although this invention has been disclosed in the context of certainembodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in theart that the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosedembodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of theinvention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Forexample, while disclosed herein primarily in the context of attachinghub assemblies, wheel assemblies, and wheels to grooved axles, thepin-and-spring and hand-maneuverable release mechanisms may be suitablefor fastening other sets of components together (e.g., modular plasticand/or metal components such as the top any bottom halves of plasticpallets, base and walls of a portable toilet, toy parts, etc.). Inaddition, while several variations of the embodiments of the inventionhave been shown and described in detail, other modifications, which arewithin the scope of this invention, will be readily apparent to those ofskill in the art based upon this disclosure. It is also contemplatedthat various combinations or sub-combinations of the specific featuresand aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within thescope of the invention. It should be understood that various featuresand aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with, orsubstituted for, one another in order to form varying modes of theembodiments of the disclosed invention. Thus, it is intended that thescope of the invention herein disclosed should not be limited by theparticular embodiments described above.

What is claimed is:
 1. A hub assembly comprising: a housing including:an axle sleeve including an axle bore configured to receive an axle; anda pin sleeve including a first end, a second end, and a conduit betweenthe first end and the second end, the first end in fluid communicationwith the axle bore; a retaining element within the conduit, theretaining element configured to operatively engage a groove in the axle;a biasing element within the conduit and configured to bias theretaining element towards the axle bore; a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism configured to displace the retaining element away from theaxle bore, the release mechanism including: a tab configured to bemanipulated by a hand of a user; a lifter at least partially andnon-removably within the pin sleeve the lifter configured to interactwith the retaining element, the lifter connected to the tab, whereinmovement of the tab is configured to cause movement of the lifter; and aconnector coupled to the tab and coupled to the lifter, wherein theretaining element includes a lip configured to interact with the releasemechanism, and wherein the lifter includes a fork including prongs ontwo sides of the lip of the retaining element; and a restraining elementconfigured to inhibit at least one of the retaining element and thebiasing element from exiting the second end of the pin sleeve.
 2. Thehub assembly of claim 1, wherein the restraining element comprises aplug mechanically coupled to the second end of the pin sleeve.
 3. Thehub assembly of claim 1, wherein the release mechanism is configured todisplace the retaining element upon manipulation of the tab away fromthe axle bore.
 4. The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein the releasemechanism is configured to displace the retaining element uponmanipulation of the tab towards the axle bore.
 5. The hub assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the housing includes a bearing surface configured toincrease leverage between the release mechanism and the retainingelement.
 6. The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein the connector issubstantially orthogonal to the tab and to the lifter.
 7. The hubassembly of claim 1, wherein the connector is connected to at least oneof the tab and the lifter at an obtuse angle.
 8. The hub assembly ofclaim 1, wherein the release mechanism is on a same side of the hubassembly as the axle bore.
 9. The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein therelease mechanism further comprises a guide arm coupled to the tab. 10.The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein the release mechanism comprisesbuttressing features.
 11. The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein thehousing includes an end wall including plurality of false releasemechanisms.
 12. The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein the housingincludes a tool passageway on an opposite side of the hub assembly fromthe release mechanism.
 13. The hub assembly of claim 1, wherein thehousing includes a spacer configured to space the hub assembly from abody of a conveyance.
 14. The hub assembly of claim 13, wherein thespacer comprises a guiderail.
 15. A wheel assembly comprising: a wheel;and the hub assembly of claim 1 inserted in the wheel.
 16. An axleassembly comprising: an axle; the wheel assembly of claim 15 coupled tothe axle; and a second wheel assembly coupled to the axle.
 17. Aconveyance comprising the wheel assembly of claim
 15. 18. The conveyanceof claim 17, wherein the conveyance comprises a refuse cart.
 19. The hubassembly of claim 1, wherein the restraining element comprises adeformation in the pin sleeve.
 20. A hub assembly comprising: a housingincluding: an axle sleeve including an axle bore configured to receivean axle; and a pin sleeve including a first end, a second end, and aconduit between the first end and the second end, the first end in fluidcommunication with the axle bore; a retaining element within theconduit, the retaining element configured to operatively engage a groovein the axle; a biasing element within the conduit and configured to biasthe retaining element towards the axle bore; a hand-maneuverable releasemechanism configured to displace the retaining element away from theaxle bore, the release mechanism including: a tab configured to bemanipulated by a hand of a user; a lifter at least partially andnon-removably within the pin sleeve the lifter configured to interactwith the retaining element, the lifter connected to the tab, whereinmovement of the tab is configured to cause movement of the lifter; and aconnector coupled to the tab and coupled to the lifter, wherein thehousing includes a bearing surface configured to increase leveragebetween the release mechanism and the retaining element; and arestraining element configured to inhibit at least one of the retainingelement and the biasing element from exiting the second end of the pinsleeve.
 21. The hub assembly of claim 20, wherein the restrainingelement comprises a plug mechanically coupled to the second end of thepin sleeve.
 22. The hub assembly of claim 20, wherein the releasemechanism is configured to displace the retaining element uponmanipulation of the tab away from the axle bore.
 23. The hub assembly ofclaim 20, wherein the release mechanism is configured to displace theretaining element upon manipulation of the tab towards the axle bore.24. The hub assembly of claim 20, wherein the connector is substantiallyorthogonal to the tab and to the lifter.
 25. The hub assembly of claim20, wherein the connector is connected to at least one of the tab andthe lifter at an obtuse angle.
 26. The hub assembly of claim 20, whereinthe release mechanism is on a same side of the hub assembly as the axlebore.
 27. The hub assembly of claim 20, wherein the release mechanismfurther comprises a guide arm coupled to the tab.
 28. The hub assemblyof claim 20, wherein the release mechanism comprises buttressingfeatures.
 29. The hub assembly of claim 20, wherein the housing includesan end wall including plurality of false release mechanisms.
 30. The hubassembly of claim 20, wherein the housing includes a tool passageway onan opposite side of the hub assembly from the release mechanism.
 31. Thehub assembly of claim 20, wherein the housing includes a spacerconfigured to space the hub assembly from a body of a conveyance. 32.The hub assembly of claim 31, wherein the spacer comprises a guiderail.33. The hub assembly of claim 20, wherein the restraining elementcomprises a deformation in the pin sleeve.
 34. A wheel assemblycomprising: a wheel; and the hub assembly of claim 20 inserted in thewheel.
 35. An axle assembly comprising: an axle; the wheel assembly ofclaim 34 coupled to the axle; and a second wheel assembly coupled to theaxle.
 36. A conveyance comprising the wheel assembly of claim
 34. 37.The conveyance of claim 36, wherein the conveyance comprises a refusecart.
 38. A hub assembly comprising: a housing including: an axle sleeveincluding an axle bore configured to receive an axle; and a pin sleeveincluding a first end, a second end, and a conduit between the first endand the second end, the first end in fluid communication with the axlebore; a retaining element within the conduit, the retaining elementconfigured to operatively engage a groove in the axle; a biasing elementwithin the conduit and configured to bias the retaining element towardsthe axle bore; a hand-maneuverable release mechanism configured todisplace the retaining element away from the axle bore, the releasemechanism including: a tab configured to be manipulated by a hand of auser; a lifter at least partially and non-removably within the pinsleeve the lifter configured to interact with the retaining element, thelifter connected to the tab, wherein movement of the tab is configuredto cause movement of the lifter; and a connector coupled to the tab andcoupled to the lifter, wherein the connector is substantially orthogonalto the tab and to the lifter; and a restraining element configured toinhibit at least one of the retaining element and the biasing elementfrom exiting the second end of the pin sleeve.
 39. The hub assembly ofclaim 38, wherein the restraining element comprises a plug mechanicallycoupled to the second end of the pin sleeve.
 40. The hub assembly ofclaim 38, wherein the release mechanism is configured to displace theretaining element upon manipulation of the tab away from the axle bore.41. The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein the release mechanism isconfigured to displace the retaining element upon manipulation of thetab towards the axle bore.
 42. The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein thehousing includes a bearing surface configured to increase leveragebetween the release mechanism and the retaining element.
 43. The hubassembly of claim 38, wherein the connector is connected to at least oneof the tab and the lifter at an obtuse angle.
 44. The hub assembly ofclaim 38, wherein the release mechanism is on a same side of the hubassembly as the axle bore.
 45. The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein therelease mechanism further comprises a guide arm coupled to the tab. 46.The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein the release mechanism comprisesbuttressing features.
 47. The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein thehousing includes an end wall including plurality of false releasemechanisms.
 48. The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein the housingincludes a tool passageway on an opposite side of the hub assembly fromthe release mechanism.
 49. The hub assembly of claim 38, wherein thehousing includes a spacer configured to space the hub assembly from abody of a conveyance.
 50. The hub assembly of claim 49, wherein thespacer comprises a guiderail.
 51. The hub assembly of claim 38, whereinthe restraining element comprises a deformation in the pin sleeve.
 52. Awheel assembly comprising: a wheel; and the hub assembly of claim 38inserted in the wheel.
 53. An axle assembly comprising: an axle; thewheel assembly of claim 52 coupled to the axle; and a second wheelassembly coupled to the axle.
 54. A conveyance comprising the wheelassembly of claim
 52. 55. The conveyance of claim 54, wherein theconveyance comprises a refuse cart.